知识地理学史视角下知识溢出内容分析：以“海丝”南海段游历记录为例

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2024.04.20220147

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

后殖民主义批判作为研究视角有助于克服长期以来盛行的欧洲中心主义对于地理学等知识体系和研究理论的控制，避免对非欧洲起源的地理知识的忽视。近年来得到广泛关注的知识地理学史研究范式，与在欧洲中心主义基础上产生和发展的科学地理学史不同，它强调非欧洲起源的地理知识的积累及其知识体系的重要性和学术价值。游历是人类自古以来在旅途和目的地进行地理探索与异地体验的旅行活动，在游历中形成了大量形式各异的游历记录。游历记录对于研究历史时期的知识溢出过程具有重要意义，为进行知识地理学史研究和后殖民主义批判提供了重要数据来源。研究以海上丝绸之路南海段自东汉至清代形成的32册游记为基础，进行整理与编码，构建游记文本内容数据库。研究发现，在海上丝绸之路南海段中，因游历活动而产生知识溢出的主要有民间个人、政府组织和贸易组织三种载体。通过内容分析后可将知识溢出进一步分为显性和隐性两大类、16个亚类、63个基本类型，且不同时期知识溢出的载体和内容有明显不同。对历史数据和具体案例的研究证实了游记可作为研究知识溢出的重要数据来源，游记所展现的内容具有重要的知识地理学史研究价值。

关键词: 知识地理学史, 游历记录, 知识溢出, 海上丝绸之路南海段

Abstract:

As a research perspective, postcolonial criticism helps overcome the long-standing prevailing Eurocentrism's control over geographical knowledge systems and research theories, thus avoiding neglect of geographical knowledge from non-European areas. The research paradigm of geography of knowledge history which has gradually attracted extensive attention in recent years, is different from the geography of science history based on Eurocentrism. The geography of knowledge history emphasizes the accumulation of non-European geographical knowledge and the importance and academic value of non-European knowledge systems. Experoutination (youli) is the activity in which humans, since ancient times, engage in geographical exploration and experience in distant locations during travels and at destinations, resulting in an amount of diverse records. The experoutination(youli) records are of significant importance for studying the carriers and processes of knowledge spillovers throughout historical periods, providing crucial data sources for research in the history of knowledge geography and postcolonial criticism. Based on processing and coding 32 experoutination (youli) records formed in the South China Sea section of the Maritime Silk Road from the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, this study established a database of experoutination (youli) records. This study finds that the knowledge spillovers, in the South China Sea section of the Maritime Silk Road, caused by experoutination (youli) has three carriers: private individuals, government organizations and trade organizations. The results of content analysis show that geographic knowledge spillovers can be divided into explicit and implicit, which can be further divided into 16 sub types and 63 basic types. The carriers and contents of knowledge spillovers are obviously different during periods. This study proves with historical data and specific cases that the experoutination (youli) records are an important data source for research on knowledge spillovers, which has important theoretical value for the geography of knowledge history.

Key words: geography of knowledge history, experoutination (youli) records, knowledge spillovers, South China Sea section of Maritime Silk Road

许译文, 吴必虎, 纪凤仪, 钟栎娜. 知识地理学史视角下知识溢出内容分析：以“海丝”南海段游历记录为例[J]. 世界地理研究, 2024, 33(4): 167-178.

Yiwen XU, Bihu WU, Fengyi JI, Lina ZHONG. An analytical examination of knowledge spillovers in the context of geography of knowledge history: Case study of the experoutination(youli) records in the South China Sea section of Maritime Silk Road[J]. World Regional Studies, 2024, 33(4): 167-178.

图/表 5

图 1 基于游记文本的“海丝”南海段知识溢出数据库编码结构

Fig.1 The coding structure of database of knowledge spillovers in the "Sea Silk Road" of South China Sea based on experoutination（youli） records

图 2 不同朝代知识溢出载体（a）和涉及知识溢出类型（b）对比

Fig.2 Comparison of the carriers of knowledge spillovers （a） and the quantities of the types of knowledge spillovers （b） in different dynasties

图 3 诸游记中显性与隐性知识溢出基本类型数量对比

Fig.3 Comparison for explicit and tacit knowledge spillovers mentioned in 32 experoutination（youli） records

图 4 各类知识溢出在全部游记样本中出现次数对比

Fig.4 Comparison for the number of experoutination（youli） records involving the basic types of knowledge spillovers

图 5 不同朝代知识溢出内容的基本类型对比

Fig.5 Comparison for the basic types of knowledge spillovers in different dynasties

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