国内外城市扩张内涵及度量研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2020.04.2019134

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

系统开展城市扩张研究，是防治城市蔓延、促进城市精明增长的重要基础。利用文献研究法总结国内外城市扩张内涵与度量的研究进展，并对发展趋势进行评述。研究表明：城市扩张度量研究备受关注，成果产出呈逐年增长之势。从代表性论文发表情况来看，“刊源集中”、“稿源集中”特征明显，中、美两国城市扩张研究成果产出量大，国内学者仍需在提升成果影响力上持续发力。城市扩张内涵界定百家争鸣，但国内外学者已形成一定的共识，即城市扩张是对特定城市发展模式下城市形态的“现实性”描述。尽管已形成了“城市用地扩张”和“城市蔓延”两大代表性研究框架，城市扩张概念内涵仍需进一步完善。城市扩张度量研究成果丰硕，但已有指标和模型多从单一的“时间”或“空间”维度表征城市扩张时序演化规律或空间格局，新数据、新理论及新方法应用有望促进城市扩张度量“时空统计模型”研究。城市扩张度量实证涉及全球、国家、流域、城市群、城市、街道等多个尺度，中国成为城市扩张度量研究的热点区域。研究呼吁重视在充分顾及区域制度与社会经济状况及城市管理需求差异前提下的城市扩张内涵界定，强化城市扩张度量时空统计模型研究，积极推进微观尺度城市扩张度量及成果应用。

关键词: 城市土地扩张, 城市蔓延, 度量方法, 时空统计分析, 研究进展

Abstract:

It is essential for managing urban sprawl and thus promoting smart growth to carry out studies on urban expansion.This work made a review on definitions and measurements for urban expansion and gave an overview of their limitations and prospects based on meta-analysis. It showed that, assessment for urban expansion has been profoundly concerned world-wide represented by the increasing number of articles published in academic journals. The studies were mainly published in certain leading journals.Moreover, the most of the articles on urban expansion estimation published in international journals were submitted by Chinese and American scholars. Varity of the definitions for urban expansion were defined by existing literatures. Notably, common point on the framework, namely “urban expansion describes the objective characteristics of urban form derived by the certain urban development patterns”, for defining urban expansion has been approached by these mixed definitions of urban expansion. Though typical definitions of urban expansion such as “urban land expansion” and “urban sprawl” have already been approached, the definition for urban expansion should also be improved. However, current measurements estimated the dynamics and landscape characteristics of urban expansion from the separate aspects of time and space, respectively. Spatiotemporal statistics for urban expansion measurement are deadly asked. The usage of new data, new theory and new techniques would potentially aim at researches on spatiotemporal statistics for urban expansion measurement. Empirical studies on urban expansion estimation have been carried out at the global, national, regional, metropolitan, city and Jiedao levels. Researches on spatiotemporal statistics for urban expansion measurement, empirical studies on urban expansion estimation at a micro-level, and implications of the results were also suggested in this work.

Key words: urban land expansion, urban sprawl, urban expansion measurements, spatiotemporal statistics, research progress

童陆亿. 国内外城市扩张内涵及度量研究进展[J]. 世界地理研究, 2020, 29(4): 762-772.

Luyi TONG. A review on definitions and measurements for urban expansion[J]. World Regional Studies, 2020, 29(4): 762-772.

图/表 5

图1 城市扩张研究年度发文量统计图（1962—2018）

Fig.1 Statistics for articles on urban expansion published in Chinese and English journals (1962-2018)

图2 城市扩张度量研究在中、英文期刊上发文量排名前20的机构

Fig.2 Top 20 institutions whose articles published on urban expansion assessment in Chinese and English journals

图3 城市扩张度量研究英文发文引用情况统计图注：图中气泡大小表示所发表论文的总被引次数多少。

Fig.3 Citations statistics of articles in English journals

表1 主要城市扩张度量指标及其所表征的特征

Tab.1 Main urban expansion measurements and indicated characteristics

类型	指标	几何形态	拓扑关系	面积	密度	聚集性	连通性	差异性	混合程度	城市中心度	道路条件
形状类	椭圆率指数^[33]
	Boyce-Clark形状指数^[34]
	紧凑指数^[35]
	形状率^[36]
面积与空间分布类	放射状指数*^[34]
	扩张强度指数+^[31]
	聚集度*^[19]
	离散指数*^[37]
	扩张差异综合指数*^[38]
	城市扩张核心度*^[39]
	扩张类型指数*^[40]
	景观扩张指数*^[41]
	感观优劣度#^[20]
	年均扩张指数+^[37]
	平稳性测度*^[42]
	扩张稳态指数+^[43]
	时序景观扩张指数#^[45]
人口-土地类	城市弹性系数+^[46]
	人口-城市扩展指数+^[47]
	扩张弹性系数+^[48]
	蔓延指数+^[15]
人口-经济类	蔓延指数*^[17]
	分布均衡度*^[19]
	空间失调指数*^[49]
	重力-空间熵模型*^[18]
	城市空间弹性指数*^[50]
综合类	蔓延指数*^[51]
	蔓延指数*^[52]
	综合蔓延指数*^[53]
	城市蔓延指数*^[54]
	新蔓延指数*^[55]
	城市蔓延指数*^[16]

图4 2015年国内外主要城市人口、GDP及城市扩张度量实证关注度注：圆圈大小表示城市关注度即某城市作为扩张度量实证研究区的频数，圆圈越大，表示对应地区城市扩张度量的关注度越高；GDP和人口数据来源于世界银行、《中国城市统计年鉴》及相应论文。

Fig. 4 Mostly concerned cities in urban expansion characterization and their population and GDP in 2015

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