多尺度视角下越南城市化时空演变特征研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.07.2021636

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

夜间灯光遥感数据为区域城市化的时空变化研究提供了一种有效的方法。越南作为“一带一路”的沿线国家，了解其城市化过程及其发展规律对打破地区经济发展瓶颈、促进“一带一路”沿线国家的可持续发展具有重要意义。本文首先采用 DMSP/OLS 和 NPP/VIIRS 数据构建城市化指数揭示越南1998—2018年城市化发展的时空变化规律，并运用全局和局部空间自相关方法，分析越南全国和六大区域不同尺度城市化的空间格局特征和发展模式，最后采用变异系数法对河内、胡志明市、海防、岘港、芹苴5个直辖市内部城市化发展结构进行研究。结果表明：（1）1998—2018年越南城市化指数由15.1万上升到124.4万，呈现指数型增长趋势，城市化空间范围显著扩展，呈现由“散点状”向“条带状”演化的空间特征；（2）20年间越南城市化空间扩展趋势由相对“分散”到持续“集聚”，各市、区之间的经济联系不断加强；此外，城市化区域空间差异显著，六大区域中红河三角洲地区和东南部地区分别为越南的“中高城市化类型”和“高城市化类型”的聚集区；（3）越南典型城市之间城市化发展水平不均衡，内部城市化发展程度差异性显著，其中胡志明市作为第一特大城市，城市化水平最高，且内部结构最为均衡；河内市作为首都，城市化发展较快，内部发展水平差异逐渐缩小；海防市和岘港市城市化发展相对较为缓慢，但内部发展水平差异呈现减小趋势；芹苴市城市化发展最慢且内部城市化发展极不平衡。

关键词: 夜间灯光遥感数据, 城市化, 城市化指数, 演化特征, 越南

Abstract:

The remote sensing data of night light provides an effective method for the study of spatiotemporal changes of regional urbanization. Vietnam is an important country along the "Belt and Road". Understanding its urbanization process and its development is of great significance to breaking the bottleneck of regional economic development and promoting the sustainable development of the "Belt and Road" countries. Using DMSP / OLS and NPP / VIIRS data, we constructed the urbanization index(UI), to investigate the spatiotemporal change characteristics of urbanization in Vietnam from 1998 to 2018; The spatial characteristics and development patterns of urbanization were analyzed from different scales using Global and Local Spatial Autocorrelation analysis method; The variation coefficient method was used to study the internal urbanization development structure of Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, Haiphong, Da Nang and Can Tho. The results show that: (1) From 1998 to 2018, Vietnam's UI increased from 15.1×10⁴ to 124.4×10⁴. The spatial range of urbanization has expanded significantly, showing the spatial characteristics of evolution from "scattered" to "striped"; (2) In the past 20 years, the spatial expansion of Vietnam's urbanization has changed from relatively "scatter" to "agglomeration", and the economic ties between districts have been strengthened. Moreover, the spatial differences between areas are significant, such as the Red River Delta and Southeastern Regions. They are the clusters of "medium-high urbanization type" and "high-urbanization type"; (3) The level of urbanization of Vietnam's typical cities is unbalanced, and the degree of internal urbanization varies significantly, among which Ho Chi Minh City is the first megacity having the highest level of urbanization and the most balanced internal structure; Hanoi's urbanization has been developing rapidly, and the difference between districts is gradually narrowing; Urbanization in Haiphong and Da Nang have been relatively slow, while Can Tho's urbanization is the slowest and the internal development is extremely unbalanced.

Key words: night light remote sensing data, urbanization, Urbanization Index, evolution characteristics, Vietnam

王秋如, 管青春, 孙根云. 多尺度视角下越南城市化时空演变特征研究[J]. 世界地理研究, 2023, 32(7): 61-74.

Qiuru WANG, Qingchun QUAN, Genyun SUN. Spatio-temporal characteristics of urbanization in Vietnam from a multi-scale perspective:[J]. World Regional Studies, 2023, 32(7): 61-74.

图/表 9

图1 越南的地理位置注：该图基于国家测绘地理信息局标准地图服务网站下载的审图号为 GS（2016）1665号的标准地图制作，底图无修改，以下地图同。

Fig.1 Geographical location of Vietnam

图2 越南城市化时空特征分析技术路线图

Fig.2 Flowchart of the urbanization spatiotemporal characteristic analysis of the Vietnam

表1 每一期影像相互校正模型参数

Tab.1 Intercalibration model coefficients for each image

数据	a	b	c	R²
F121999	0	1	0	1
F121998	－0.000 8	1.039 0	－0.011 7	0.975 0
F141998	－0.009 7	1.607 7	0.019 1	0.982 3
F142002	0.056 3	1.253 5	－0.004 5	0.958 9
F152002	0.011 8	1.357 3	－0.006 5	0.923 4
F152007	－0.006 3	1.407 1	0.081 5	0.947 1
F162007	0.000 8	0.946 8	0.020 1	0.970 6
F182012	0.051 6	0.753 5	0.003 2	0.964 2

图3 越南城市化指数UI时间变化趋势

Fig.3 Time trend of Urbanization Index （UI） in Vietnam

图4 1998—2018年越南夜光亮度空间变化情况

Fig.4 Spatial change of Vietnam's night light from 1998 to 2018

表2 1998—2018年越南城市化的全局MI值

Tab.2 Global Moran’s I of urbanization in Vietnam from 1998 to 2018

年份	MI值	Z值
1998年	0.06	3.00
2002年	0.12	7.40
2007年	0.13	9.41
2012年	0.24	15.08
2018年	0.23	27.74

图5 1998—2018年越南城市化空间集聚格局

Fig.5 Spatial agglomeration pattern of urbanization in Vietnam from 1998 to 2018

图6 越南6大分区城市化空间集聚格局

Fig.6 Pattern of urbanization spatial agglomeration in six districts of Vietnam

图7 越南5个典型城市的城市化指数和变异系数

Fig. 7 The Urbanization Index， variation coefficient of five typical cities in Vietnam

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