国际电影节视角下文化型世界城市的时空分布与网络特征

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.12.20220111

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于对15个A类国际电影节和美国奥斯卡金像奖举办地、提名/获奖影片、评审团等数据的收集和分析，探索国际电影节举办城市及参与国家的时空分布特征，在此基础上进一步揭示基于国际电影节视角的文化型世界城市地缘联系网络的结构特征。研究表明：①国际电影节总体分布呈现出从欧美核心国家向亚非拉外围地区不断扩散的空间格局，电影节举办城市与传统的经济和政治型全球城市存在较为明显的差异，反映出文化产业特殊的价值属性以及电影节相关行动者的“去政治化”策略；②国际电影节提名和获奖影片的地理分布形成了以“欧洲-北美-东亚”为核心的多元化格局，反映出电影生产制作活动的去中心化趋势，而以评审团为代表的国际电影节权力结构则呈现出典型的“核心-边缘”特征，少数国家掌握核心文化权力资源，对全球电影产业的发展形成重要的导向作用；③国际电影节的地缘联系网络普遍表现出明显的“欧洲导向型”特征，反映出欧洲国家在全球艺术电影领域的影响力，而不同电影节网络连接格局的差异则体现出电影节地理位置以及国家间的历史、文化和经济联系等要素的影响。

关键词: 世界城市, 全球城市, 国际电影节, 文化产业, 文化全球化

Abstract:

Through collecting and analyzing the data of the host cities, nominated/award-winning films and jury members of 15 A-category international film festivals and the Academy Awards of the United States (the Oscar), this paper explores the spatial and temporal distribution of the host cities and participating countries of major international film festivals. It further reveals the structure of the geopolitical network of world cultural cities based on the perspective of international film festivals. The outcomes of the research show that: ① The overall distribution of international film festivals exhibits a trend of spatial diffusion from the core countries in Europe and America to some formerly peripheral regions in Asia, Africa and Latin America. There are some obvious differences between the host cities of film festivals and the traditional economic and political global cities, which reflects the special value attributes of the cultural industry and the "de-politicization" strategies of the actors related to film festivals. ② The geographical distribution of the countries of nominated and award-winning films of international film festivals shows a multi-polar pattern with "Europe-North America-East Asia" as the center, demonstrating the trend of decentralization of film production activities. However, the power structure of international film festivals as represented by the composition of jury members shows a typical "core-periphery" pattern, indicating that a few countries control the core resources of cultural power and play an important role in directing the development of the global film industry. ③ The geopolitical network of most international film festivals shows an obvious "European-oriented" structure, which highlights the global influence of European countries in the field of art films. On the other hand, the distinctions between different film festivals in terms of the patterns of network connection reflect the geographical location of film festivals as well as the historical, cultural and economic ties between the host and participating countries of film festivals.

Key words: world city, global city, international film festival, cultural industry, cultural globalization

周容琪, 张旭, 黄耿志. 国际电影节视角下文化型世界城市的时空分布与网络特征[J]. 世界地理研究, 2023, 32(12): 41-53.

Rongqi ZHOU, Xu ZHANG, Gengzhi HUANG. The spatiotemporal distribution and network characteristics of world cultural cities from the perspective of international film festivals[J]. World Regional Studies, 2023, 32(12): 41-53.

图/表 6

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指标		2000—2004年	2005—2009年	2010—2014年	2015—2019年
获奖电影	来源国家数量	41	35	43	47
获奖电影	HHI值	0.058 5	0.053 1	0.047 1	0.049 9
提名电影	来源国家数量	80	79	78	87
提名电影	HHI值	0.055 0	0.053 0	0.053 8	0.052 5
评审团	来源国家数量	40	44	45	45
评审团	HHI值	0.068 4	0.068 6	0.065 8	0.074 1

指标		2000—2004年	2005—2009年	2010—2014年	2015—2019年
获奖电影	来源国家数量	41	35	43	47
获奖电影	HHI值	0.058 5	0.053 1	0.047 1	0.049 9
提名电影	来源国家数量	80	79	78	87
提名电影	HHI值	0.055 0	0.053 0	0.053 8	0.052 5
评审团	来源国家数量	40	44	45	45
评审团	HHI值	0.068 4	0.068 6	0.065 8	0.074 1

类型	电影节	本国	所在洲其他国家	其他洲国家	类型	电影节	本国	所在洲其他国家	其他洲国家
获奖影片	戛纳国际电影节	22.00	60.00	18.00	提名影片	戛纳国际电影节	15.15	51.47	33.38
	柏林国际电影节	11.76	52.94	35.29		柏林国际电影节	6.91	53.38	39.71
	威尼斯国际电影节	7.89	36.84	55.26		威尼斯国际电影节	9.01	46.27	44.72
	洛迦诺国际电影节	5.71	60.00	34.29		洛加诺国际电影节	5.07	59.62	35.31
	圣塞巴斯蒂安国际电影节	14.29	45.71	40.00		圣塞巴斯蒂安国际电影节	15.59	54.12	30.29
	卡罗维发利国际电影节	12.12	66.67	21.21		卡罗维发利国际电影节	6.76	71.62	21.62
	莫斯科国际电影节	21.74	43.48	34.78		莫斯科国际电影节	10.89	61.14	27.97
	华沙国际电影节	9.09	54.55	36.36		东京国际电影节	10.27	22.98	66.75
	塔林黑夜国际电影节	0.00	35.29	64.71		上海国际电影节	9.85	18.18	71.97
	东京国际电影节	3.13	21.87	75.00		奥斯卡金像奖	0.00	9.09	90.91
	印度国际电影节	11.54	46.15	42.31		马塔布拉塔国际电影节	10.95	9.00	80.05
	上海国际电影	9.52	33.33	57.14	评审团	戛纳国际电影节	19.78	30.77	49.45
	蒙特利尔国际电影节	0.00	70.83	29.17		柏林国际电影节	15.50	39.53	44.96
	奥斯卡金像奖	0.00	10.00	90.00		威尼斯国际电影节	16.77	42.58	40.65
	开罗国际电影节	4.17	4.16	91.67		卡罗维发利国际电影节	12.88	54.55	32.58
	马塔布拉塔国际电影节	8.11	10.81	81.08		东京国际电影节	25.00	26.85	48.15
						上海国际电影节	33.08	19.23	47.69

类型	电影节	本国	所在洲其他国家	其他洲国家	类型	电影节	本国	所在洲其他国家	其他洲国家
获奖影片	戛纳国际电影节	22.00	60.00	18.00	提名影片	戛纳国际电影节	15.15	51.47	33.38
	柏林国际电影节	11.76	52.94	35.29		柏林国际电影节	6.91	53.38	39.71
	威尼斯国际电影节	7.89	36.84	55.26		威尼斯国际电影节	9.01	46.27	44.72
	洛迦诺国际电影节	5.71	60.00	34.29		洛加诺国际电影节	5.07	59.62	35.31
	圣塞巴斯蒂安国际电影节	14.29	45.71	40.00		圣塞巴斯蒂安国际电影节	15.59	54.12	30.29
	卡罗维发利国际电影节	12.12	66.67	21.21		卡罗维发利国际电影节	6.76	71.62	21.62
	莫斯科国际电影节	21.74	43.48	34.78		莫斯科国际电影节	10.89	61.14	27.97
	华沙国际电影节	9.09	54.55	36.36		东京国际电影节	10.27	22.98	66.75
	塔林黑夜国际电影节	0.00	35.29	64.71		上海国际电影节	9.85	18.18	71.97
	东京国际电影节	3.13	21.87	75.00		奥斯卡金像奖	0.00	9.09	90.91
	印度国际电影节	11.54	46.15	42.31		马塔布拉塔国际电影节	10.95	9.00	80.05
	上海国际电影	9.52	33.33	57.14	评审团	戛纳国际电影节	19.78	30.77	49.45
	蒙特利尔国际电影节	0.00	70.83	29.17		柏林国际电影节	15.50	39.53	44.96
	奥斯卡金像奖	0.00	10.00	90.00		威尼斯国际电影节	16.77	42.58	40.65
	开罗国际电影节	4.17	4.16	91.67		卡罗维发利国际电影节	12.88	54.55	32.58
	马塔布拉塔国际电影节	8.11	10.81	81.08		东京国际电影节	25.00	26.85	48.15
						上海国际电影节	33.08	19.23	47.69

类别	国际电影节	各洲获奖电影占比/%
类别	国际电影节	欧洲	亚洲	美洲	其他
欧洲导向型	戛纳国际电影节	82.00	8.00	10.00	0.00
欧洲导向型	卡罗维发利国际电影节	78.79	9.09	12.12	0.00
欧美导向型	马塔布拉塔国际电影节	64.86	10.81	21.62	0.00
	圣塞巴斯蒂安国际电影节	60.00	17.14	22.86	0.00
	威尼斯国际电影节	44.74	23.68	31.58	2.71
欧亚导向型	蒙特利尔国际电影节	70.83	16.67	8.33	4.17
	洛加诺国际电影节	65.71	25.71	8.57	0.00
	东京国际电影节	65.63	21.88	12.50	0.00
	莫斯科国际电影节	65.22	26.09	8.70	0.00
	柏林国际电影节	65.00	24.00	9.00	2.00
	华沙国际电影节	63.64	22.73	13.64	0.00
	开罗国际电影节	62.50	20.83	12.50	4.17
	上海国际电影节	61.90	33.33	4.76	0.00
	奥斯卡金像奖	55.00	20.00	20.00	5.00
亚洲导向型	塔林国际电影节	35.29	58.82	5.88	0.00
亚洲导向型	印度国际电影节	42.31	46.15	7.69	3.85