政治地理视角下的西方城市区域研究进展及其启示

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2020.02.2019433

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

自21世纪初以来，有关全球城市区域的研究在西方快速崛起，掀起了一股治理与政策的“区域转向”浪潮。新经济地理学与政治经济学派最先开创了城市区域的理论研究，但其理论解释偏重城市区域的经济发展与资本再地域化过程，忽视了政治与政策对城市区域的重要影响。近年来，政治地理学从城市区域的建构属性、战略属性和矛盾属性3个方面切入，旨在揭示现实中城市区域的实际形成过程与机制。本文认为西方政治地理视角有助于揭示城市区域形成过程中的权力关系及其政治工具性。特别是通过解析城市区域政策的话语建构过程、分析城市区域发展所折射出的国家地缘战略选择以及剖析城市区域发展过程中的公共资源分配等议题，可帮助研究者跳出就政策谈政策的讨论陷阱，更能从整体格局上审视不同利益主体在城市区域发展过程中的诉求与冲突，进而为解读和反思我国城市区域形成过程与治理机制提供新的研究思路。

关键词: 城市区域, 政治地理, 国家, 治理

Abstract:

The rise of city-regionalism poses a regional turn for a variety of political, administrative and regulatory issues. Though global city-region and state rescaling have been powerful meta-theory for interpreting such governance transformation, they have been blamed for overstating the role of capital and underestimating the significance of nation-state and politics. Critical attention is thus turning towards achieving a better understanding of how the rise of city-regionalism is contingently caught up in the interplay between political construct, geopolitical rationalities and scalar tensions. Given the Chinese backdrop of promoting urban agglomeration and new-type urbanization, the city-regional studies under the perspective of political geography offers implications to interpreting city-regional development with Chinese characteristics. It is hence argued in the paper that future research agenda should pay serious attention to discourse construct, geopolitical processes and politics of collective provision in the study of Chinese city-regionalism. The new research pathway under the theoretical framework of political geography is to stimulate more critical debate on Chinese city-regional policy and territorial development.

Key words: city-region, political geography, nation-state, governance

李禕, 康琴, 张衔春. 政治地理视角下的西方城市区域研究进展及其启示[J]. 世界地理研究, 2020, 29(2): 275-283.

Yi LI, Qin KANG, Xianchun ZHANG. City-regional studies under political geography perspective and its implications to China[J]. World Regional Studies, 2020, 29(2): 275-283.

参考文献 65

1	Gottmann, J. Megalopolis: The urbanized Northeastern seaboard of the United States. New York: Twentieth Century Fund, 1961.
2	Zhou Y. The metropolitan interlocking region in China:a preliminary hypothesis//Ginsburg N, Koppel B, Mcgee T G. The extended metropolis: settlement transition in Asia. Honolulu, Hawaii: University of Hawaii Press, 1991: 89-111.
3	姚士谋. 我国城市群的特征、类型与空间布局. 城市问题, 1992,(1):10-15+66.
	Yao S. The characteristics, types and spatial distribution of urban agglomerations in China. Urban Problems, 1992, (1):10-15+66.
4	Hall, Looking backward P., forward looking: The city region of the mid-21st century. Regional Studies, 2009, 43(6): 803-817.
5	Florida, R. Who's your city?: How the creative economy is making where you live the most important decision of your life. New York, NY: Basic Books, 2008.
6	Harrison J., Hoyler. M. Governing the new metropolis. Urban Studies, 2014,51:2249-2266.
7	刘云刚. 中国政治地理学研究展望.人文地理, 2009,24(02):12-16+28.
	Liu Y. A research perspective on Chinese political geography. Human Geography,2009,24(02):12-16+28.
8	宋长青, 葛岳静, 刘云刚,等. 从地缘关系视角解析“一带一路”的行动路径. 地理研究, 2018,37(01):3-19.
	Song C,Ge Y,Liu Y,et al. Undertaking research on Belt and Road Initiative from the geo-relation perspective. Geographical Research, 2018,37(01):3-19.
9	王丰龙, 刘云刚. 尺度政治理论框架. 地理科学进展, 2017,36(12):1500-1509.
	Wang F, Liu Y.Towards a theoretical framework of 'politics of scale'. Progress in Geography, 2017,36(12):1500-1509.
10	刘云刚, 安宁, 王丰龙. 中国政治地理学的学术谱系. 地理学报, 2018, 73(12): 2269-2281.
	Liu Y, An N, Wang F. The outline and genealogy of Chinese pilitical geography. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2018, 73(12): 2269-2281.
11	Scott, A. J. Globalization and the rise of city-regions. European Planning Studies, 2001,9(7): 813-826.
12	Taylor, Extraordinary cities P. J.: Millennia of moral syndromes, world-systems and city/state relations. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 2013.
13	Harrison J., Hoyler, Megaregions M.: Globalization's new urban form?. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 2015.
14	Hall P., Pain. K. The polycentric metropolis: Learning from mega-city regions in Europe. London: Earthscan,2006
15	MacLeod G., Jones. M. Territorial, scalar, networked, connected: In what sense a 'regional world'?. Regional Studies, 2007,41:1177-1191.
16	Brenner, N. New state spaces: Urban governance and the rescaling of statehood. Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press, 2004.
17	殷洁,罗小龙. 尺度重组与地域重构:城市与区域重构的政治经济学分析. 人文地理, 2013,28(02):67-73.
	Yin J, Luo X. Rescaling, deterritorialization and reterritorialization: The political economic analysis for city and regional restructuring. Human Geography, 2013,28(02):67-73.
18	Wachsmuth, D. Competitive multi-city regionalism: Growth politics beyond the growth machine. Regional Studies, 2017,51(4):643-653.
19	罗小龙. 竞争性区域主义与区域建构研究展望. 人文地理,2012,27(03):7-10.
	Luo X. Prospects of competitive regionalism and regon-building. Human Geography,2012,27(03):7-10.
20	MacLeavy J., Harrison, New state spatialities J.: Perspectives on state, space, and geographies scalar. Antipode, 2010,42(5):1037-1046.
21	Herrschel, Cities T., state and globalisation: City-regional governance in Europe and North America. London, UK: Routledge, 2016.
22	Jonas A. E. G.,Moisio S. City regionalism as geopolitical processes. Progress in Human Geography, 2018,42(3):350-370.
23	Cox, K. R. 'Rescaling the state' in question. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 2009, 2(1),: 107-121.
24	Jones M., Paasi. A. Regional World(s): Advancing the Geography of Regions. Regional Studies, 2013,47:1-5.
25	Jonas A. E. G.,Ward K. Introduction to a debate on city-regions: New geographies of governance, democracy and social reproduction. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 2007,31:169-178.
26	Lovering, J. Theory led by policy? The inadequacies of the 'new regionalism' in economic geography illustrated from the case of Wales. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 1999,23:379-395.
27	Jonas A. E. G. ,Ward K. A world of regionalism? Towards a US-UK urban and regional policy framework comparison. Journal of Urban Affairs, 2002,24:377-401.
28	Havlik V. Competing discourses of territorial development: Tensions between cities and regions as a result of the new regionalism. European Planning Studies, 2018,26(10):1999-2014.
29	Jessop B, Oosterlynck S. Cultural political economy: On making the cultural turn without falling into soft economic sociology. Geoforum, 2008,39(1155-1169).
30	Varró K. spatial imaginaries of the Dutch-German-Belgian borderlands: A multidimensional analysis of cross-border regional governance. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 2014,38(6):2235-355.
31	Granqvist KS, Sauli, Maentysalo, Raine. Polycentricity as spatial imaginary: The case of Helsinki City Plan. European Planning Studies, 2019,27(4):739-58.
32	Luukkonen J, Sirviöb H. The politics of depoliticization and the constitution of city-regionalism as a dominant spatial-political imaginary in Finland. Political Geography, 2019,73:17-27.
33	Watkins J. Spatial imaginaries research in geography: Synergies, tensions, and new directions. Area, 2015,9(9):508-22.
34	Ohmae, K. The end of the nation state: The rise of regional economies. New York, NY: Free Press, 1996.
35	Jonas A. E. G. ,Wilson D. The nation-state and the city: Introduction to a debate, Urban Geography, 2018.
36	Jonas, A. E. G. City-regionalism as a contingent ‘Geopolitics of capitalism’. Geopolitics, 2013, 18(2):284-298.
37	Allen, Cochrane J. and A.. Beyond the territorial fix: regional assemblages, politics and power. Regional Studies, 2007,41:1161-1175.
38	McGuirk, P. The political construction of the city-region: notes from Sydney. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 2007,31:179-187.
39	Bunnell, T. Cities for nations? Examining the city–nation-state relation in information age Malaysia. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 2002,26(2):284-298.
40	Roy, A. The 21st-century metropolis: New geographies of theory. Regional Studies, 2009, 43(6): 819-830.
41	魏成,沈静,范建红. 尺度重组——全球化时代的国家角色转化与区域空间生产策略. 城市规划, 2011,35(06):28-35.
	Wei C, Shen J, Fan J. Rescaling: role changing of the state and spatial production strategy of region in the globalization era. City Planning Review, 2011,35(06):28-35.
42	Herrschel T.,Newman, P. Governance of Europe's city regions: Planning, policy and politics. London: Routledge, 2002.
43	Li Y., Wu, F. Understanding city-regionalism in China: Regional cooperation in the Yangtze River Delta. Regional Studies, 2018,52(3):313-324.
44	Harrison, J. Life after regions? The evolution of city-regionalism in England. Regional Studies, 2012,46(9):1243-1259.
45	Cox K. R.,Jonas A. E. G. Urban development, collective consumption and the politics of metropolitan fragmentation. Political Geography, 1993,12(1):8-37.
46	顾朝林. 城市群研究进展与展望. 地理研究, 2011,30(05):771-784.
	Gu C. Study on urban agglomeration: Progress and prospects. Geopgraphy Research, 2011,30(05):771-784.
47	方创琳.中国城市群研究取得的重要进展与未来发展方向. 地理学报, 2014,69(08):1130-1144.
	Fang C. Important progress and future direction of studies on China’s urban agglomerations. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2014,69(08):1130-1144.
48	宁越敏. 论中国城市群的界定和作用. 城市观察, 2016(01):27-35.
	Ning Y. On the Definition and Roles of City Clusters in China. Urban Insight, 2016(01):27-35.
49	姚士谋,周春山,张童,等.21世纪我国城市群发展的新特征、新理念.城市观察,2017(02):26-31.
	Yao S, Zhou C, Zhang T,et al. New Features and ideas of China’s urban agglomerations in the 21st Century.Urban Insight,2017(02):26-31.
50	Zhao S. X. B.,Zhang L. (2007). Foreign direct investment and the formation of global city-regions in China. Regional Studies, 2007,41(7):979-994.
51	Lin, G.C.S. Scaling-up regional development in globalizing China: Local. Capital accumulation, land-centred politics, and reproduction of space. Regional Studies, 2009,43:429-447.
52	刘玉亭,王勇,吴丽娟. 城市群概念、形成机制及其未来研究方向评述. 人文地理, 2013,28(01):62-68.
	Liu Y,Wang Y,Wu L. Review on the definition and mechanism of urban agglomeration and its future research fields. Human Geography, 2013,28(01):62-68.
53	张京祥. 国家—区域治理的尺度重构:基于“国家战略区域规划”视角的剖析. 城市发展研究, 2013,20(05):45-50.
	Zhang J. Scale Rescaling of regional governance: based on the analysis of the perspective of "National Strategic Regional Planning".Urban Development Studies, 2013,20(05):45-50.
54	Wu, F. China's emergent city-region governance: A new form of state spatial selectivity through state-orchestrated rescaling. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 2016, 40(6):1134-1151.
55	张永姣,方创琳. 地域尺度重组下的我国城市与区域规划体系改革. 人文地理, 2015,30(05):9-15.
	Zhang Y, Fang C. Reform of urban and regional planning system in China under the background of reglonal rescaling. Human Geography, 2015,30(05):9-15.
56	陈雯.区域一体化成为高质量发展的新动能.领导科学,2018(19):21.
	Chen W. Regional integration has become a new driver of high-quality development. Leadership Science, 2018(19):21.
57	Zhang J., Wu, F. China's changing economic governance: Administrative annexation and the reorganization of local governments in the Yangtze river delta. Regional Studies, 2006,40(1):3-21.
58	罗小龙,沈建法,陈雯. 新区域主义视角下的管治尺度构建——以南京都市圈建设为例. 长江流域资源与环境, 2009,18(07):603-608.
	Luo X, Shen J, Chen W. Rescaling of governance and new regionalism——A case study of Nanjing city-region. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2009,18(07):603-608.
59	张衔春,赵勇健,单卓然,等比较视野下的大都市区治理:概念辨析、理论演进与研究进展.经济地理, 2015,35(07):6-13.
	Zhang X, Zhao Y, Shan Z, et al. City-Regional Governance from the Perspective of Comparison:Conception Clarification, Theory Development and Research Progress. Economic Geography, 2015,35(07):6-13.
60	Xu J., Yeh, A.G.O. Interjurisdictional cooperation through bargaining: The case of Guangzhou-Zhuhai railway in the Pearl River Delta, China. The China Quarterly, 2013,213:130-151.
61	Fan C.C., Sun. M. Regional inequality in China, 1978-2006. Eurasian Geography and Economics,2008,49:1-20.
62	Wei, Y. Regional development in China: institutions Transitional, globalization embedded, and economies hybrid. Eurasian Geography and Economics, 2007,48(1):16-36.
63	陆大道. 关于我国区域发展战略与方针的若干问题. 经济地理, 2009,29(01):2-7.
	Lu D. The several issues regard to China's regional development strategy and approach. Economic Geography, 2009,29(01):2-7.
64	孙东琪,陆大道,朱鹤. 中国东部地带欠发达地区经济发展的时空演化及机制研究. 经济经纬, 2016,33(01):1-7.
	Sun D, Lu D, Zhu H. The spatial and temporal evolution and mechanism of the less developed regions economic development in Eastern China. Economic Survey, 2016,33(01):1-7.
65	Harrison, Networks of connectivity J., fragmentation territorial, development uneven: The new politics of city-regionalism. Political Geography, 2010,29(1):17-27.

[1]	朱明, 高峰, 史春云, 曹姗. 乡村振兴背景下乡村旅游供需匹配治理策略研究[J]. 世界地理研究, 2023, 32(2): 115-124.
[2]	张佳宝, 乌恩. 基于游客感知价值的国家公园游憩功能研究[J]. 世界地理研究, 2023, 32(2): 146-157.
[3]	陈鹏鑫, 曾刚, 胡浩, 何金廖, 葛世帅. 国家高新区研发人员集聚的空间特征与影响因子探究[J]. 世界地理研究, 2023, 32(1): 80-91.
[4]	梁茂林, 彭邦文, 骆华松, 洪菊花. 中国与周边国家地缘经济关系测度与时空格局演变分析[J]. 世界地理研究, 2023, 32(1): 43-53.
[5]	林琳, 袁广盛, 王敏. 文化多元与邂逅：电影作品中的华裔社区地方营造[J]. 世界地理研究, 2022, 31(6): 1192-1203.
[6]	赵欣. 南海渔业资源开发利用的时空特征及其治理[J]. 世界地理研究, 2022, 31(4): 762-772.
[7]	徐婧雅, 宋周莺. 海南自贸港与泛南海国家的地缘经济关系演变及其影响因素[J]. 世界地理研究, 2022, 31(4): 737-747.
[8]	钟苏娟, 毛熙彦, 黄贤金. 地缘安全视角下的中国国际河流水资源开发利用[J]. 世界地理研究, 2022, 31(3): 466-477.
[9]	程国宇, 邓浩坤, 张隆龙, 付迎春, 黎键良. 城市更新中的绿地感知与社区治理[J]. 世界地理研究, 2022, 31(3): 572-581.
[10]	孙曼, 宋涛, 计启迪. 边境城镇的产业演化及其机制研究[J]. 世界地理研究, 2022, 31(2): 388-398.
[11]	肖沁霖, 肖黎明. 绿色创新效率与生态治理绩效耦合协调的时空分异及响应[J]. 世界地理研究, 2022, 31(1): 96-106.
[12]	楚天骄. 上海与伦敦智慧城市建设路径比较研究[J]. 世界地理研究, 2021, 30(6): 1163-1174.
[13]	陈宇. 人类命运共同体视域中的国家传统疆域与新疆域[J]. 世界地理研究, 2021, 30(5): 893-902.
[14]	林元城, 章佳茵, 李路华, 王敏. 城市情感地理与空间治理：广州市区宣传类户外广告案例[J]. 世界地理研究, 2021, 30(5): 1083-1095.
[15]	王丰龙, 刘云刚. 政治地理课程体系设计研究——中外主流教材和课纲比较视角[J]. 世界地理研究, 2021, 30(4): 882-892.