The structural differences and mechanisms of global interurban producer services network and scientific collaboration network

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.05.20220352

Abstract

Abstract:

In addition to endowments such as economic bases, locations and infrastructures, the sustained competitiveness of cities in the process of globalization depends on their dominance in the global production and capital system on the one hand, and their technological innovation ability on the other hand. Based on the data of headquarter-branch of advanced producer services firms and the co-publication data from the Web of Science, the study constructs a Global Interurban Producer Services Network (GPSN) and a Global Interurban Scientific Collaboration Network (GSCN), further compares their structural differences and impact factors. The results show: ① In terms of spatial structures, there are clear-cut 'South-North' divide and 'East-West' gap in both networks with highly connected cities concentrated in Europe, North America and Asia-Pacific. The spatial distribution of network connectivity of top cities in the GPSN is flatter than that in the GSCN. ② In terms of topological features, cities in the GPSN are more interconnected than in the GSCN. Small-world and scale-free properties can be found in both networks. The two networks both present identifiable community structures and 'center-hinterlands' structures but with different organization patterns. ③ The differences in practice logic between producer services and scientific collaboration are responsible for their structural differences in the global interurban networks.

Key words: global cities, producer services network, scientific collaboration network, structural differences, internal mechanisms

摘要：

除了经济本底、区位条件和基础设施等自身禀赋外，城市在全球化进程中的持续竞争力一方面取决于其在全球资本体系中的支配力，另一方面也取决于其在创新网络中的控制力。利用高端生产性服务企业总部-分支数据和Web of Science合著论文数据，分别构建了全球城市生产性服务业网络和全球城市科研合作网络，并对比了两种网络的结构差异，探讨了形成差异的内在机制。研究发现：①空间结构方面，两种网络均呈现出明显的“南-北”分化和“东-西”差距。生产性服务业网络中的顶级城市比科研合作网络中的顶级城市空间分布更为广阔。②拓扑结构方面，生产性服务业网络的总体网络连通性比科研合作网络更高。两种网络均具有小世界性和无标度性，也呈现出明显的“社群”结构和“中心-腹地”结构，但组织形式有所不同。③生产性服务业与科研合作实践逻辑的不同是造成两种城市网络结构差异的内在机制。

关键词: 全球城市, 生产性服务业网络, 科研合作网络, 结构差异, 内在机制

Zhan CAO, Yingcheng LI, Liang DAI. The structural differences and mechanisms of global interurban producer services network and scientific collaboration network[J]. World Regional Studies, 2023, 32(5): 1-17.

曹湛, 李迎成, 戴靓. 全球城市生产性服务业网络与科研合作网络的结构差异与内在机制[J]. 世界地理研究, 2023, 32(5): 1-17.

Figures/Tables 9

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指标	全球城市生产性服务业网络	全球城市科研合作网络
样本数量/个	526	526
基尼系数	0.59	0.65
变异系数	1.10	1.59

指标	全球城市生产性服务业网络	全球城市科研合作网络
样本数量/个	526	526
基尼系数	0.59	0.65
变异系数	1.10	1.59

排名	生产性服务业网络		科研合作网络
排名	城市	连接度/%	城市	连接度/%
1	伦敦	100.00	伦敦	100.00
2	纽约	91.77	北京	87.52
3	香港	76.77	波士顿	82.22
4	北京	73.34	纽约	79.91
5	新加坡	70.85	巴黎	69.16
6	上海	66.10	芝加哥	56.39
7	悉尼	63.37	罗马	53.42
8	巴黎	62.72	马德里	53.36
9	迪拜	61.72	米兰	52.21
10	东京	60.29	巴塞罗那	48.38
11	米兰	56.91	多伦多	47.60
12	芝加哥	56.41	东京	46.13
13	莫斯科	55.39	巴尔的摩	44.99
14	多伦多	55.20	费城	44.93
15	圣保罗	54.95	洛杉矶	44.79
16	约翰内斯堡	54.72	西雅图	44.51
17	洛杉矶	53.18	阿姆斯特丹	44.49
18	马德里	53.05	莫斯科	43.69
19	墨西哥城	52.92	休斯敦	42.99
20	吉隆坡	52.29	匹兹堡	41.70

排名	生产性服务业网络		科研合作网络
排名	城市	连接度/%	城市	连接度/%
1	伦敦	100.00	伦敦	100.00
2	纽约	91.77	北京	87.52
3	香港	76.77	波士顿	82.22
4	北京	73.34	纽约	79.91
5	新加坡	70.85	巴黎	69.16
6	上海	66.10	芝加哥	56.39
7	悉尼	63.37	罗马	53.42
8	巴黎	62.72	马德里	53.36
9	迪拜	61.72	米兰	52.21
10	东京	60.29	巴塞罗那	48.38
11	米兰	56.91	多伦多	47.60
12	芝加哥	56.41	东京	46.13
13	莫斯科	55.39	巴尔的摩	44.99
14	多伦多	55.20	费城	44.93
15	圣保罗	54.95	洛杉矶	44.79
16	约翰内斯堡	54.72	西雅图	44.51
17	洛杉矶	53.18	阿姆斯特丹	44.49
18	马德里	53.05	莫斯科	43.69
19	墨西哥城	52.92	休斯敦	42.99
20	吉隆坡	52.29	匹兹堡	41.70

特征	网络拓扑特征指标	生产性服务业网络	科研合作网络
基本拓扑特征	网络密度	0.86	0.65
	全局网络效率	0.92	0.85
	度-度相关性	－0.06	－0.15
小世界性	平均最短路径	1.14	1.30
	随机网络平均最短路径	1.25	1.38
	全局集聚系数	0.93	0.84
	随机网络全局集聚系数	0.75	0.62
	小世界熵数	1.31	1.81
无标度性	累计度分布幂律指数	1.01	1.09