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15 November 2024, Volume 33 Issue 11 Previous Issue   

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Structural characteristics of the global trade network of biomedical products and the evolution of China's position Mei ZHANG, Yeyi SUN, Shuanglu LIANG 2024, 33(11): 1-15.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2024.11.20230152 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1823KB) ( )   With the rapid development of the biomedical industry in various countries, the global trade of biomedical products is increasingly active. Based on the biomedical products trade data in the United Nations Commodity Trade Statistics Database from 2000 to 2020, social network analysis is applied to reveal the structural characteristics of the global biomedical products trade network and the evolution of China's position. The study shows that: ①The global biomedical products trade network is closely linked, with a relatively stable trade network structure and the characteristics of a "small world" network. ②The spatial distribution of nodes in the global biomedical products trade network is uneven, with high node degree countries located at the core of the network and little network heterogeneity. ③The core-edge structure of the global biomedical products trade network has changed from the "four-legged" situation formed by the US, Germany, France and Belgium to the "three-legged" situation formed by the US, France and Belgium. The community structure has evolved in a trend of fragmentation followed by restructuring.④China's position in the global biomedical products trade network is gradually increasing, its role as a hub is obvious, and its dependence on the major global biomedical products trading countries is gradually decreasing. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evolution process and practical framework of global climate governance Xiaona GUO, Ruishan CHEN, Qiang LI, Chunhuan ZHANG 2024, 33(11): 16-27.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2024.11.20230137 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1059KB) ( )   Excessive greenhouse gas emissions and climate change induced by it pose serious challenges to human society and ecosystems. Studying climate governance is of great significance in mitigating climate change and adapting to its impacts, protecting the earth's environment, and achieving sustainable development. Based on the literature analysis tool CiteSpace, this study reviewed the evolution process, research hotspots, and typical cases of global climate governance, and put forward a universal adaptive framework of climate governance. The results show that: (1) From the establishment of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) to the signing of the Paris Agreement, climate governance has experienced a change in the development process: decentralized governance-top-down governance - dual-track governance-bottom-up governance; (2) The world continually explores ways of climate governance, from horizontal to vertical. Research hotspots include energy governance, climate policy, multi-level governance, nature-based solutions, adaptive governance, governance innovation, and social network analysis; (3) To realize climate governance, we need to take action at the three levels of values, thinking and practice, and give full play to the role of government, market, and civil society. What's important is to coordinate the relationship between energy revolution, economic development, political orientation, environmental quality, and climate change, as well as deepening cross-sectoral and interdisciplinary cooperation; (4) Future climate governance can focus on climate change risk management and adaptive strategies, greenhouse gas emission reduction technologies, social change and behavioral change, public research hotspots participation and social innovation, interdisciplinary comprehensive research, international climate policy and cooperation, and other aspects. This study combines climate governance, national strategy, and scientific research, which has important guiding significance for China to participate in climate governance and achieve the goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutralization, and provides a reference for carbon emission reduction and restraining global warming. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Impact of the South China Sea arbitration case on the economic relations between China and the Philippines: An empirical study based on the synthetic control method Jialing ZOU, Guangjun SUI, Danling TANG 2024, 33(11): 28-40.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2024.11.20230200 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1327KB) ( )   Both trade and investment are important economic linkages between countries. Geopolitical conflicts may have great impact on economic linkages, while little is known how trade and investment respond to geopolitical conflict differently. Based on monthly data of January 2012 - December 2013 of China's import and annual data of 2003-2019 China's outward direct investment (OFDI), this paper uses the synthetic control method to investigate the impact of the South China Sea (SCS) arbitration case on China's import from the Philippines and China's OFDI to the Philippines. The empirical results show that the SCS arbitration case did not have significanteffect on China's import from the Philippines, but it decreased China's OFDI to the Philippinessignificantly since 2013. The results passed several robust checks. The results implicatethat there is no evidence that China responded to the SCS arbitration case with trade sanctions.However, in terms of rising geopolitical uncertainty caused by the SCS arbitration case, China'sfirms decreased OFDI to the Philippines significantly, which may further impact economic developmentof the Philippines caused by the SCS arbitration case initiated by itself. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the evolution and influencing factors of regional economic spatial pattern in Germany Yuefang SI, Qi MENG, Xianzhi HU 2024, 33(11): 41-52.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2024.11.20230401 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1632KB) ( )   Since the reunification of Germany and East Germany, the increasingly prominent regional economic development imbalance has become a bottleneck limiting Germany's economic development and social equity, and scholars of economic geography have been analyzing the regional economic development problems in Germany to summarize the experiences and lessons of coordinated regional development. This paper focuses on the evolution of the regional economic pattern in Germany from 2000 to 2020. Based on the data of GDP per capita, the spatial distribution and regional pattern are summarised at the federal-l?nder-county (city) level, and the spatial error model (SEM) is used to further analyse the drivers of the evolution of the regional economic pattern in Germany. The spatial error model (SEM) was used to further analyse the drivers of the evolution of regional development patterns in Germany. The results of the study show that: (1) Germany's regional economic pattern shows a spatial distribution pattern of "high in the west and low in the east, high in the south and low in the north", and the high GDP per capita areas are mostly located in the metropolitan cores. (2) The gap between the former East Germany and the former West Germany is gradually narrowing, andregional economic differences in the north-south direction of Germany still exist. (3) There are significant scale differences and regional heterogeneity in the driving factors of regional economic development in Germany. The regional economic pattern and its evolution in Germany can provide references for the future of China's regional development. China should attach importance to the construction of scientific and technological innovation capabilities in the Midwest, and manufacturing industry matters a lot to cultivate competitive advantages of the region. The paper can provide useful perspectives for a better understanding of development and experience of Germany. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the evolution and driving mechanism of ecological land pattern in Vietnam Xianchao ZHAO, Jian CHEN, Shujia TAN 2024, 33(11): 53-64.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2024.11.20230069 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1483KB) ( )   In this paper, the land use data of Vietnam in 2000,2010 and 2020 were collected, and the composition, pattern and driving mechanism of ecological land in Vietnam were researched by means of a land use transfer matrix, land use transfer map, standard deviation ellipse and wavelet coherence model. The results show that: 1) The spatial distribution of ecological land in Vietnam showed a spatial pattern of a large number in the northwest and a small number in the southeast. Among the types of ecological land in Vietnam, forest land accounted for the highest proportion, reaching 85.8 % of the total area of ecological land in 2020, with obvious spatial agglomeration characteristics. 2) From 2000 to 2020, the area of ecological land decreased from 190 012.06 km2 to 178 545.07 km2, and the area of each type of ecological land decreased continuously and slowly. The area of ecological land transfer was 2.62 times the area of transfer. The main types of ecological land transfer were forest land and shrub land to cultivated land. The main types of ecological land transfer were cultivated land to forest land. The conversion of ecological land was mainly concentrated in the Red River Delta, Huanglian Mountains and other places. 3) The evolution of ecological land use patterns is reflected in the driving mechanism of power-response-result. Agricultural economic development is the main reason for the extrusion of ecological land use pattern. Urbanization, industrialization and global climate are important measures to determine the direction of ecological land transformation. Ecological protection and ecotourism development play an engine role in maintaining important functions.Key words: ecological land pattern; space-time evolution; driving mechanism; Vietnam Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the classification and spatial distribution of tourism resources and tourism development models in the Seto Inland Sea Area of Japan Jinhao CHEN, Chengyun WANG, Naixin TANG, Xueru LIU 2024, 33(11): 65-78.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2024.11.20230384 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1242KB) ( )   This research targets a total of 3 704 tourism resource data from 1 prefecture and 10 counties in the Seto Inland Sea region, clarifies the classification and basis of tourism resources in the Seto Inland Sea region, and uses nearest neighbor index and kernel density estimation methods to analyze the spatial distribution pattern of tourism resources, further summarizing and condensing the tourism development model and experience in the Seto Inland Sea region. Research suggests that the typical tourism resources in the Seto Inland Sea region include five categories: natural scenery, festivals, hot springs, art and culture, and religion. Each type of resource has obvious clustering characteristics in space. The overall tourism resources exhibit a pattern of "one pole with multiple points" and are concentrated and distributed along the coastline; Natural tourism resources are concentrated on the west and south coasts of the Seto Inland Sea, as well as the core area of the central archipelago, forming a "three center" pattern; The cultural tourism resources are concentrated in the economically developed urban areas on the north coast of the Seto Inland Sea, presenting a "two poles, one belt, and multiple centers" pattern. Festivals, arts, and cultural tourism resources have similar spatial distribution characteristics and are clustered in a belt shape along the coastline. Hot springs and religious tourism resources exhibit significant point-like clustering characteristics. The tourism development model in the Seto Inland Sea region has certain experiential and enlightening effects on the development of the tourism economy in China's coastal and island areas. Among them, the cultural and tourism model of "Art Island", the branding of characteristic tourism destinations and tourism destinations, and the ecological tourism and sustainable development model are particularly prominent. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Do high housing prices crowd out firm innovation inputs and outputs? Shuhan DUAN, Yanming SUN 2024, 33(11): 79-93.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2024.11.20230530 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1156KB) ( )   The development of real estate industry inevitably have an impact on many fields of the economic system. Do high housing prices inhibit firms' technological innovation? Using data on Chinese A-share listed firms from 2011 to 2020, this paper examined the impact of commercial housing price on firm innovation input and output, and decomposed this impact into three paths: financial subsidies, firm costs, and firm investment and financing. It was found that housing price significantly inhibits firms' innovation input and output, but the effects of housing prices are not completely consistent under different paths. The increase in financial subsidies and costs caused by rising house prices will promote the increase of firm innovation input, while the change of firm investment direction caused by rising house prices will hinder firm innovation input. From the perspective of innovation output, housing prices can only increase firm innovation output through firm investment and financing mechanism. There are significant differences in the impact of housing prices on innovation input and output among firms with differences in ownership structure, industry, and technology intensity. We also found that an innovation-oriented city pilot policy and the increase of city size can alleviate the crowding-out effect of housing prices on firm innovation. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the network evolution of technology innovation flow in the central cities of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area: A case of Shenzhen Suili CHEN, Zhi'ang CHEN, Shutong ZHENG, Yulin YANG, Wenhui LI 2024, 33(11): 94-105.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2024.11.20222497 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1012KB) ( )   Technology transfer is the main form of breaking down barriers to cross-regional innovation factor flow and plays an important role in improving the efficiency of innovation networks. Based on the measurement information and spatial relationship of technology transfer patents between Shenzhen and other cities in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, this paper studies the temporal and spatial network evolution of technology innovation flow between Shenzhen and other cities in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area from two dimensions of radiation and agglomeration. The conclusions are as follows: ① The scale of the technological innovation flow network is growing, showing the characteristics of a "small world" and "core edge" structure evolution trend; The overall network is sparse, and the ability of individual radiation and aggregation needs to be improved. ② The breadth and depth of the network are constantly expanding. The evolution of the network follows the mechanism of cumulative circulation and social proximity. The gradual evolution of the network towards multi center reflects the effects of "path dependence", "path locking" and "path creation". ③ The accessibility of information and resource transfer in the agglomeration network is stronger than that in the radiation network; the breadth and depth of the radiation network are greater than that of the agglomeration network; and the spatial sensitivity is stronger. ④ We should constantly improve the individual's technological innovation ability, fully leverage the respective technological innovation advantages and influence of technology intermediaries, private enterprises (especially high-tech enterprises), universities, etc, and improve the network breadth and depth of technology innovation flow. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on spatial difference of factors influencing floating population's settlement intention in the Yangtze River Delta Shizhen CAI, Di XU, Chunhui LIU 2024, 33(11): 106-119.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2024.11.20220375 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1452KB) ( )   The Yangtze River Delta is the region with the most active population flow in my country. Floating population's settlement intention determines the process of citizenization and the quality of new urbanization. Based on the data from the 2017 national migrant population dynamic monitoring survey and related statistics, this study used the exploratory spatial data analysis, geographically weighted regression model, and systematic cluster analysis to examine the spatial pattern of the floating population's settlement intention and the spatial variation of the factors influencing such intention in ??the Yangtze River Delta. The following results were obtained: (1) The overall settlement intention of the floating population in the Yangtze River Delta is not high, And the proportion of floating population with settlement intention is about 37.91%; Shanghai and Hefei metropolitan areas are the two highlands suitable for settlement intention. (2) The educational level, proportion of the output value of secondary industry in the inflow area, housing price growth rate, and price-to-income ratio in the inflow area have a significant positive effect on the settlement intention of floating population; cross-provincial mobility, rent-to-income ratio, and employee status exert an inhibitory impact on such an intention. The influence degree of each index have obvious spatial heterogeneity. (3) The Yangtze River Delta is divided into four major influencing zones: floating population's settlement intention in the central and northern parts of Anhui are significantly affected by economic factors and flow characteristics; the central and northern parts of Jiangsu are dominated by ??housing factors; in Shanghai and southern Jiangsu, this intention is mainly influenced by multiple factors; finally, Zhejiang and southern Anhui are dominated by the factors of human capital. Finally, according to the heterogeneous characteristics of the factors affecting the floating population's settlement intention in different regions of the Yangtze River Delta, the paper puts forward differentiated suggestions on floating population services and management from the aspects of management system, public services, employment and housing security. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The spatial identification of peri-urbanization areas in Wuhan based on multi-source data Jing YE, Dongni LI, Yuxin GUAN 2024, 33(11): 120-134.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2024.11.20230393 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (2611KB) ( )   With the support of multi-source data, this paper takes Wuhan as the research area, starts with four dimensions of function, structure, level and density, and starts with four characteristics of social economy, land use, landscape and population, and uses the Densi-Graph and the gravity model to quantify the spatial scope of the peri-urbanization areas comprehensively. On this basis, the paper analyzes the spatial distribution, land use and landscape pattern of peri-urbanization areas. The results show that: (1) Using the Densi-Graph method to determine the threshold point of nuclear density to define the spatial contours of peri-urbanization areas, and combining with the gravity model method based on the grid scale to identify the spatial agglomeration centers of peri-urbanization areas, it can effectively solve the problem that the administrative statistical constraints of the data do not adequately express the characteristic attributes, and realize multi-dimensional quantitative identification under complex urban and rural scenarios. (2) The peri-urbanization area of Wuhan in 2020 is 1 025.43 km2, accounting for 6.35% of the total urban area,which is developed in a "circle and axis" pattern around the outer edge of the urban core, Wuhu, Zhuankou and other urban sub-centers and Yangluo, Zhucheng, Zhifang and other new city centers. (3) The main land use types in peri-urbanization areas are construction land, cultivated land and water, and the land use constitutes "half city and half township" with a fragmented distribution, and the landscape types are characterized by diversity, heterogeneity and high degree of fragmentation. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the urbanization evolution characteristics and action mechanism of shrinking cities in the three provinces of Northeast China Ning LUO, Pingjun SUN, Naigang CAO, Ju LIU, Yali PENG 2024, 33(11): 135-148.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2024.11.20222500 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1655KB) ( )   Urban shrinkage is a process-phenomenon-problem comprehensive concept of the continuous outflow and factor outflow effect coupling of development factors such as population, capital, factories and enterprises, which has brought great impact on the traditional "growth scenario simulation" urbanization development model. The specific impact and its internal mechanism have become the key scientific problems to be solved in the high-quality development of new urbanization and the practice of urban regional planning in the new era. Based on this, this paper makes an empirical analysis on the three provinces of Northeast China based on the comparative inductive analysis method (shrinking cities and non-shrinking cities, different development stages and different development types of shrinking cities). The results show that: (1) The urbanization development of shrinking cities in the three northeast provinces has the characteristics of stage, type and spatial heterogeneity, and there is an obvious shrinking effect of urbanization; the urbanization level and its subsystem urbanization level show the development and evolution characteristics of "non-shrinking cities > shrinking cities, early-shrinking cities > late-shrinking cities > mid-shrinking cities, resource-dependent shrinking cities > comprehensive shrinking cities > siphon-type shrinking cities > location-constrained shrinking cities, axis + core-periphery"; (2)Shrinking cities are due to the relative or absolute decline of their own "development capacity", and inhibits the driving force of urbanization development—hinder the convergence of population and raw materials in surrounding radiation rural areas, and reduce urban input-output efficiency in the process of urbanization, making its urbanization development grow slowly and showing the above-mentioned development characteristics. However, it also leads to the paper's reflection on whether the existing urbanization level and its measurement methods based on "growth simulation" are used in shrinking cities. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Multi-scale spatial heterogeneities of cultural relic protection units in Yellow River Basin and its spatial relationship with geographical environment Cheng ZHOU, Yiting JIN, Lin ZHOU, Sisi LYU, Qiuyue QIN 2024, 33(11): 149-161.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2024.11.20222444 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1412KB) ( )   This paper takes all the administrative units through which the Yellow River flows as the research unit and 2078 national key cultural relic protection units (hereinafter referred to as "cultural relic protection units") as the research object, and uses the methods of geographic concentration, imbalance index and hotspot analysis to analyze the spatial differences of cultural relic protection units at the provincial and city scales. In addition, this paper also analyzes the spatial relationship of those cultural relic protection units with natural and human geography environment. The results showed that: (1) From the perspective of spatial aggregation characteristics, the distribution of cultural relic protection units in the Yellow River Basin shows a concentrated pattern at both provincial and city scales, and the concentration at city scale is higher than that at provincial scale. (2) In terms of hotspot distribution, the spatial characteristics of cultural relic protection units at the provincial scale show "south high and north low", and at the city scale show "center and edge". (3) In terms of the relationship with the natural environment, the distribution of cultural relic protection units has significant features of low altitude, high accumulated temperature (AAT10) and close to rivers. In addition, cultural relic protection units are mainly distributed in areas with slope less than 2° and annual precipitation in the range of 400-800mm. The land surface vegetation (NDVI) did not have a significant impact on the spatial distribution of cultural relic protection units. (4) In terms of the relationship with the human environment, although GDP and highway mileage have certain effects on the distribution of cultural relic protection units, there is no linear regression relationship between them. Cultural relic protection units show a strong correlation with population size and cultural investment expenditure. In addition, cultural relic protection units show certain spatial coupling with A-level scenic spots and intangible heritage projects. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Assessment and influencing factors of regional cultural ecosystem in the farming pastoral ecotone in North China under the background of "shrinking": Chen CHEN, Xiaojun HUANG, Lin CHENG 2024, 33(11): 162-174.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2024.11.20222448 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1112KB) ( )   The farming pastoral ecotone in North China is not only an ecological fragile zone, but also a typical cultural ecological fragile zone. As a remote and underdeveloped spatial region type, the small towns in the farming pastoral ecotone are subject to the impact of population loss and shrinking on the regional cultural ecosystem. By introducing the vulnerability analysis framework, taking Damao Banner of Inner Mongolia as an example, the quantitative assessment and spatial difference of cultural ecosystem vulnerability in the farming pastoral ecotone in North China were analyzed. And the influencing factors and mechanisms of the vulnerability was revealed. The results show that: (1) The regional cultural ecosystem in the case area has obvious vulnerability, which is jointly affected by the internal damaging factors and external disturbing factors. Among them, the decreasing number of folk artists and the decreasing scale of public cultural space, the drastic changes of social environment and the decline of the stability of geographical relations are important driving factors. In addition, the lack of local identity is also important. (2) The fragility of the cultural ecosystem of Damao Banner has the spatial characteristics of "high in the south and low in the north". The spatial characteristics of exposure are higher in central towns and lower in peripheral towns, as well as higher in southern towns and lower in northern towns. From the perspective of resilience, the central towns are relatively strong than the peripheral area. The research is not only an attempt to analyze the changes of cultural ecosystem in the field of humanities, but also useful to explore the quantitative analysis method of cultural ecosystem vulnerability at the micro scale and enrich the research dimension of vulnerability. Lastly, the research provides a basis for improving the adaptability and sustainable development of the regional cultural ecosystem in the farming pastoral ecotone in North China. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Traveling with pets: Connotation, characteristics and its analysis from the perspective of new materialism Yufen ZHANG, Qiang WANG, Yufeng CHEN 2024, 33(11): 175-188.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2024.11.20230059 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1268KB) ( )   The pet-carrying tourism market has gradually become an important segment of China's tourism source market, but relevant scientific research is lacking. Taking the network travelogue of Mafengwo as the data source and the pet tourists as the research object, the text content analysis and spatial analysis methods are used to explore the characteristics of travelling with pets. The results show that: (1) Tourists carrying with pets prefer the self-driving and RV transportation, as well as the scenic spot of grassland,coastal, ancient town and the accommodation formats of homestay and inn. There is obvious heterogeneity and agglomeration in the spatial distribution of the destinations visited by pet tourists, which generally presents a "core-edge" structure that spreads around the core provincial and municipal destinations to the periphery and mainly forms four core agglomeration density areas such as Yunnan-Guizhou-Sichuan, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and North China; (2) The pets have the characteristics of material agency, and the material agency of pets is implanted in the daily life of pet-owners, awakens the inner emotional and desires and stimulates the motivational emotions of tourists to form four major material agency related motivations that affect the generation of pet tourism behavior, such as escape and release, companionship and attachment, psychological compensation, and social communication. (3) The new material entity of pets has an ability of assemblage. When this assemblage driven by material agency is embedded from "home" to "tourism" situation, non-human heterogeneous elements form a pet-carrying tourism assembly body with destinations, transportation, accommodation, scenic spots, etc. Therefore, the generation process of the pet-carrying tourism assemblage also explains the causes of the pet-carrying tourism behavior. Through the research on the connotation, behavior characteristics and its causes from a new materialistic perspective, this paper expands the cognition and understanding of tourism spatial system of China's pet tourism market. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics