Accessibility to medical treatment and supply-demand balance for low-income populations: A case study of Haikou City

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2026.09.20250267

Abstract

Abstract:

The rationality of the distribution of public medical resources is related to residents' health and social equity. It is of great significance to study the accessibility of medical treatment and the matching relationship between the supply and demand of low-income populations to protect the basic health rights and interests of low-income populations and promote social stability and development. The study evaluates the accessibility of medical treatment for low-income populations in the central urban area of Haikou City based on the improved Gaussian Step Floating Catchment Area Method and explores the spatial clustering characteristics of accessibility using spatial autocorrelation. On this basis, a supply-demand balance analysis method is used to measure the matching relationship between low-income populations and healthcare resources. Research findings ①There are significant differences in the accessibility of medical services based on different modes of transport. Walking has lower accessibility to medical services, the accessibility of public transportation and cycling for medical treatment is significantly improved, and both show significant spatial agglomeration characteristics; ②The matching degree of supply and demand between medical institutions and low-income populations mainly shows characteristics of high accessibility and low population density, presenting two states overall: supply exceeds demand and supply-demand balance; ③From the perspective of accessibility to healthcare and the results of supply and demand matching, considering the actual travel usage ratio can better balance the medical needs of different modes of transport, providing a more comprehensive and objective guiding significance for the construction of medical institutions.

Key words: the accessibility of medical treatment, low-income populations, Gaussian Step Floating Catchment Area Method, the matching degree between supply and demand

摘要：

公共医疗资源的合理布局关乎居民健康和社会公平。研究低收入人群的就医可达性及其供需匹配关系，对保障低收入人群的基本健康权益、促进社会稳定和发展具有重要意义。基于改进的高斯两步移动搜索法对海口市中心城区低收入人群的就医可达性进行评估，采用空间自相关分析探究就医可达性的空间集聚性特征，并利用供需平衡分析法测度低收入人群和医疗资源的供需匹配关系。研究发现：①不同出行方式的就医可达性具有显著差异，步行就医可达性较低，随着阈值范围的扩大，公交和骑行就医可达性显著提高，且均呈现出显著的空间集聚特征；②医疗机构与低收入人群的供需匹配度主要表现出高可达性-低人口密度特征，整体呈现出供大于求和供需平衡两种状态；③从就医可达性和供需匹配结果来看，考虑实际出行使用比例的综合可达性能更好地平衡不同出行方式的就医需求，对医疗机构的建设具有更综合、客观的指导意义。

关键词: 就医可达性, 低收入人群, 高斯两步移动搜索法, 供需匹配度

Fengmei XIA, Lei YUAN, Junsan ZHAO. Accessibility to medical treatment and supply-demand balance for low-income populations: A case study of Haikou City[J]. World Regional Studies, 2026, 35(9): 135-148.

夏凤梅, 袁磊, 赵俊三. 低收入人群就医可达性及供需平衡分析——以海口市为例[J]. 世界地理研究, 2026, 35(9): 135-148.

Figures/Tables 7

Tab. 1 Basic attributes of medical institutions in Haikou City Center in 2020

医疗机构	床位/张	卫生技术人员/人	诊疗人次/万人次
村卫生室	0	0.3	0.5
诊所、卫生所	0	3	0.8
社区卫生服务中心（站）	6	16	1.7
各类医院	180	198	10
门诊部	0.3	10	8.7

Fig.1 Distribution of medical institutions and low-income population in the study area

Fig. 2 Results of spatial interpolation of accessibility

Tab. 2 Accessibility results for different modes of travel

出行方式	可达性均值	可达性标准差
步行	0.068	0.070
公交	0.115	0.014
骑行	0.116	0.014
综合	0.105	0.016

Tab. 3 Global Moran's I for accessibility to healthcare by different travel modes

可达性	Moran's I	Z值
步行可达性	0.080	252.806
公交可达性	0.171	590.01
骑行可达性	0.173	593.38

Fig. 3 Local autocorrelation distribution of accessibility

Fig. 4 Compatibility of supply and demand for healthcare accessibility and low-income populations

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