The dynamic relationship between foreign-invested enterprises and place: From FDI to dynamic coupling

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2026.10.20250442

Abstract

Abstract:

The dynamic relationship between foreign-invested enterprises (FIEs) and localities constitutes a classic topic in economic geography. Clarifying the evolutionary patterns of this relationship represents an essential prerequisite for promoting high-quality regional development. This paper systematically reviews the developmental trajectory and theoretical underpinnings of three key processes—location choice, local embeddedness, and strategic coupling—of FIEs. It develops an analytical framework for dynamic strategic coupling, explicates the multifaceted impacts of FIEs on local development, and outlines potential avenues for future research. The principal findings are as follows: ①The geographic pattern of FIE location choice is gradually shrinking and shows regionalization characteristics; the driving force shifts to prioritize non-economic factors; ②During local embeddedness processes, FIEs form diverse embeddedness types while embeddedness experiences dual influence from parent companies and host countries; ③In dynamic strategic coupling processes, power relations between FIEs and localities continuously transform; decoupling phenomena occur frequently and form different decoupling modes. Future research is urgently needed to refine quantitative approaches for measuring strategic coupling, establish new frameworks for regional industrial evolution from the perspective of dynamic coupling, and promote the theoretical integration of strategic coupling with political economic geography, sustainable development, and related paradigms. Study conclusions enrich the dynamic relationship theoretical system between FIEs and localities and hold important policy reference value.

Key words: foreign-invested enterprises, location choice, local embeddedness, strategic coupling, Global Production Networks

摘要：

外资企业与地方的动态关系是经济地理学领域的研究热点，厘清两者之间关系的演变规律有助于推动区域高质量发展。本文系统地梳理外资企业区位选择、地方嵌入、战略耦合的理论脉络，构建动态化战略耦合的分析框架，阐述外资企业对区域发展的影响效应，并展望未来研究趋势。主要研究结论如下：①外资企业区位选择的地理范围逐步收缩，驱动因素由重视经济因素转向非经济因素；②在母国、母公司和东道国的多重影响下，外资企业在地方形成多样化的嵌入模式；③在动态战略耦合过程中，外资企业与地方之间的权力关系不断转换，多种形式的去耦合现象频发。未来研究亟须深化战略耦合的测度方法、构建动态耦合视角下区域产业演化的新框架，推动战略耦合与政治经济地理学、可持续发展等理论融合。研究结论丰富了外资企业与地方动态关系的理论体系，并具有重要的政策参考价值。

关键词: 外资企业, 区位选择, 地方嵌入, 战略耦合, 全球生产网络

Bingquan LIN, Congwen XU, Zhongzhi WANG. The dynamic relationship between foreign-invested enterprises and place: From FDI to dynamic coupling[J]. World Regional Studies, 2026, 35(10): 35-49.

林柄全, 徐从文, 王仲智. 外资企业与地方的动态关系：从FDI 到动态耦合[J]. 世界地理研究, 2026, 35(10): 35-49.

Figures/Tables 4

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去耦合的类型	表现形式	原因	发起者
外资企业驱动型	主动性、长期性	区域地方资产无法满足外资企业的战略需求	外资企业
区域战略驱动型	主动性、长期性	区域从GPN中的价值捕获过低	区域政府、本地企业
外部冲击型	被动性、突发性	疫情、贸易摩擦等外部冲击	—

去耦合的类型	表现形式	原因	发起者
外资企业驱动型	主动性、长期性	区域地方资产无法满足外资企业的战略需求	外资企业
区域战略驱动型	主动性、长期性	区域从GPN中的价值捕获过低	区域政府、本地企业
外部冲击型	被动性、突发性	疫情、贸易摩擦等外部冲击	—

阶段	主题	核心观点	所属领域	代表性作者及文献
FDI区位选择	本地产业与企业	强调要素供给和市场需求等外部因素对区位选择的影响	新古典区位理论	Weber^[13]
	垄断优势、国际生产周期、内部化优势、区位优势、路径依赖	强调企业特定优势、生产周期、企业内部化优势、区位特定优势；国际化是累积的、路径依赖的过程	国际投资理论	Hymer^[18]；Vernon^[19]； Buckley^[20]；Dunning^[23]；Johanson^[24]
	外部性与空间集聚	地理空间因素被纳入经济学的分析框架，出现制度转向与文化转向	新经济地理学	Krugman^[26]
外资企业嵌入地方	社会嵌入	个人的经济动机嵌入在社会关系里，经济行为属于社会活动的部分	社会学	Polanyi^[47]
	经济行为与社会结构	个人和企业的经济行为受到社会关系和社会结构的影响	新经济社会学	Granovetter^[48]
	政府与市场关系	需在城市尺度进行干预，将新自由主义市场经济嵌入社会并加以规制	制度经济地理学	Jessop^[49]
外资企业与地方战略耦合	GPN1.0	区域与全球生产网络耦合的方式决定了区域经济发展的前景	关系经济地理学	Yang^[82]
	GPN2.0	以竞争动态和环境风险作为核心变量，试图重新揭示战略耦合逻辑关系	关系经济地理学	Yeung^[77]
	去耦合、再耦合	战略耦合是一个动态演化的多重耦合过程，包括去耦合、再耦合等阶段	演化经济地理学	MacKinnon^[74]

阶段	主题	核心观点	所属领域	代表性作者及文献
FDI区位选择	本地产业与企业	强调要素供给和市场需求等外部因素对区位选择的影响	新古典区位理论	Weber^[13]
	垄断优势、国际生产周期、内部化优势、区位优势、路径依赖	强调企业特定优势、生产周期、企业内部化优势、区位特定优势；国际化是累积的、路径依赖的过程	国际投资理论	Hymer^[18]；Vernon^[19]； Buckley^[20]；Dunning^[23]；Johanson^[24]
	外部性与空间集聚	地理空间因素被纳入经济学的分析框架，出现制度转向与文化转向	新经济地理学	Krugman^[26]
外资企业嵌入地方	社会嵌入	个人的经济动机嵌入在社会关系里，经济行为属于社会活动的部分	社会学	Polanyi^[47]
	经济行为与社会结构	个人和企业的经济行为受到社会关系和社会结构的影响	新经济社会学	Granovetter^[48]
	政府与市场关系	需在城市尺度进行干预，将新自由主义市场经济嵌入社会并加以规制	制度经济地理学	Jessop^[49]
外资企业与地方战略耦合	GPN1.0	区域与全球生产网络耦合的方式决定了区域经济发展的前景	关系经济地理学	Yang^[82]
	GPN2.0	以竞争动态和环境风险作为核心变量，试图重新揭示战略耦合逻辑关系	关系经济地理学	Yeung^[77]
	去耦合、再耦合	战略耦合是一个动态演化的多重耦合过程，包括去耦合、再耦合等阶段	演化经济地理学	MacKinnon^[74]