特朗普政府以来的美国中东欧政策：调整、目标与展望

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2021.02.2019464

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

自“17+1合作”机制创设以来，中东欧在中欧合作中扮演的角色越来越重要。中国作为一个中东欧地区的“晚到者”，不得不面临长期以来“美、欧、俄”三方地缘博弈的影响。尤其是特朗普上任以来，一方面继承了奥巴马政府末期的中东欧政策，另一方面在能源、地缘和军事方面强化了美国的政策部署。在能源方面，美国进一步强化了将能源外交作为权力资源，平衡美欧俄关系的外交杠杆的作用。在地缘方面，波兰作为该地区的政策支轴国更加受到美国倚重。在军事方面，特朗普政府增强了在中东欧地区的军事存在和军费开支，推进驻欧美军基地的战略东移。通过对美国官方文本的文献考察发现，特朗普政府加强以上三个方面的政策部署，旨在实现以下三个政策目标：制衡俄罗斯、对欧盟分而治之和排挤中国。展望拜登政府，安全与能源仍是美国中东欧政策的首要关切。

关键词: 特朗普政府, 中东欧, 欧盟, 俄罗斯, 中国

Abstract:

Since the creation of the "17+1 Cooperation" mechanism, the role played by Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) in China-EU cooperation has become increasingly important. As a "late arrival" in Central and Eastern Europe, China has to face the long-term influence of the geography of the United States, Europe and Russia. Especially since Trump took office, he has inherited the CEE policy of the Obama administration at the end, and on the other hand strengthened the strategic deployment of the United States in energy, geography and military. In terms of energy, the United States has further strengthened the role of diplomatic diplomacy as a power resource to balance US-European-Russian relations. In terms of geography, Poland, as a strategic axis of the region, is more heavily valued by the United States. On the military side, the Trump administration has strengthened its military presence and the military expenditure in CEE, and ,promoted the strategic eastward movement of the military bases in Europe. This article examines the literature on the official US text and finds that the Trump administration has stepped up the strategic deployment of the above three aspects, which aims to achieve the following three strategic objectives: balances Russia, govern EU by separating it and crowds out China from CEE.Looking ahead to the Biden administration, security and energy remain the primary concerns of US policy in Central and Eastern Europe.

Key words: Trump administration, Central and Eastern Europe, EU, Russia, China

王弘毅. 特朗普政府以来的美国中东欧政策：调整、目标与展望[J]. 世界地理研究, 2021, 30(2): 267-275.

Hongyi WANG. U.S. policy in Central and Eastern Europe since the Trump administration: Adjustment, goals and prospect[J]. World Regional Studies, 2021, 30(2): 267-275.

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