长三角城市群公众环境意识影响因素的空间异质性研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.08.2020856

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

公众环境意识水平的高低将直接影响区域环境状况。选取2012—2018年长三角城市群27个地级市年度百度搜索指数和2018年社会经济环境数据，基于地理加权回归模型分析社会、经济、环境因素对公众环境意识指数影响的空间异质性。研究结果表明：①2012—2018年间，长三角城市群公众环境意识指数呈“M”形变化趋势；②长三角城市群公众环境意识水平存在明显空间差异，重点城市公众环境意识指数水平显著高于其他城市；③多数影响因素对公众环境意识指数呈现正负两种效应，且具有明显的空间异质性，经济层次中外商直接投资因素呈现正向影响，社会层次中人口密度因素呈现负向影响，常住人口性别比因素呈现正向影响。

关键词: 环境意识, 百度指数, 地理加权回归, 长三角城市群

Abstract:

The level of public environmental awareness directly affects regional environmental conditions and green sustainable development. The development of big data provides another perspective for the measurement of environmental awareness. The study selected the annual Baidu Search Index and 2018 socio-economic-environmental statistics of 27 prefecture-level cities in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomerations from 2012 to 2018, and analyzed the spatial heterogeneity of the influence of socio-economic-environmental factors on the public environmental awareness index based on GWR model. The results show: (1) the public environmental awareness index of the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration shows an "M"-shaped trend from 2012 to 2018; (2) the level of public environmental awareness index of key cities is significantly higher than that of other cities, and there are obvious spatial differences; (3) most of the influencing factors show either positive or negative effects on the public environmental awareness index. For example, the amount of foreign direct investment and the gender ratio of the resident population has a positive effect, while population density has a negative effect on public environmental awareness. Based on the above analysis, we put forward some policy suggestions, for example, city governments should pay as much as possible attention on environmental issues in their economic development, and so on.

Key words: environmental awareness, Baidu index, geographically weighted regression, Yangtze River Delta urban agglomerations

陈静, 黄丽. 长三角城市群公众环境意识影响因素的空间异质性研究[J]. 世界地理研究, 2023, 32(8): 139-151.

Jing CHEN, Li HUANG. Spatial heterogeneity of influencing factors on public environmental awareness in Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration[J]. World Regional Studies, 2023, 32(8): 139-151.

图/表 8

表1 公众环境意识网络搜索关键词词库

Tab.1 Public environmental awareness internet search terminology

目标层	准则层	指标层（关键词）	个数	权重
环境价值观	环境态度	环境保护、生态文明、可持续发展、生物多样性、水土保持、断舍离、循环经济	7	0.15
行为后果认知	环境污染认知	环境污染、温室气体、酸雨、雾霾、PM_2.5、空气污染、水污染、全球变暖、臭氧层空洞、核辐射、大气污染、土壤污染、空气质量、碳排放、汽车尾气、噪声污染、农药残留、污水、垃圾、气候变暖、水质监测	21	0.39
行为后果认知	环境知识认知	马尔萨斯陷阱、难以忽视的真相、寂静的春天	3	0.06
对解决环境问题的支持	对环境政策的理解	环境保护法、大气污染防治法、水污染防治法、碳交易、水十条、大气污染防治行动计划	6	0.13
对解决环境问题的支持	对环保组织的了解	绿色和平组织、世界自然基金会、自然之友	3	0.06
对环保做出贡献的意愿	替代型环境行动	新能源汽车、绿色食品、有机食品、清洁能源、绿色出行	5	0.07
对环保做出贡献的意愿	节约型环境行动	节约用水、节约用电、节能、节约粮食、低碳	5	0.14

表2 实证研究的变量

Tab.2 Variables of the empirical study

变量	指标	单位
经济层次	外商直接投资	万美元
	R&D经费内部支出	亿元
	第二产业占比	%
	第三产业占比	%
社会层次	居民人均可支配收入	元
	人口密度	人/km²
	城镇人口比重	%
	常住人口性别比
环境层次	每万人中大学生在校人数	人
	PM_2.5浓度	微克/m³
	绿地面积	公顷

图1 2012—2018年长三角环境意识指数变化趋势

Fig.1 Trend of environmental awareness index in Yangtze River Delta from 2012 to 2018

图2 长三角城市群公众环境意识空间水平分布图

Fig.2 Spatial distribution of public environmental awareness in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomerations

表3 GWR模型的运算结果（最优带宽=0.239）

Tab.3 Operational results of the GWR model (optimal bandwidth=0.239)

因素	最大值	中位数	最小值	平均值	正值/%	负值/%
外商直接投资/万美元	8.65	3.09	1.40	3.15	100.00	0.00
R&D经费内部支出/亿元	0.01	－1.49	－11.22	2.71	3.70	96.30
第二产业占比 / %	2.34	－4.15	－29.76	8.39	11.11	88.89
第三产业占比/%	1.68	－2.22	－3.33	2.04	7.41	92.59
居民人均可支配收入/元	34.00	1.54	－11.59	6.99	59.26	40.74
城镇人口比重/ %	5.71	3.82	－2.32	3.82	96.30	3.70
常住人口性别比	3.81	3.02	－2.29	3.02	100.00	0.00
人口密度/（人/km²）	－0.29	－2.30	－6.44	2.78	0.00	100.00
每万人高等学校在校学生数/	5.13	1.08	－3.24	1.95	62.96	37.04
PM_2.5/ ( $μ g / m 3$ )	48.09	－1.01	－18.04	8.83	44.44	55.56
绿地面积/ha	3.61	0.14	－3.11	1.03	51.85	48.15

表3 GWR模型的运算结果（最优带宽=0.239）

Tab.3 Operational results of the GWR model (optimal bandwidth=0.239)

因素	最大值	中位数	最小值	平均值	正值/%	负值/%
外商直接投资/万美元	8.65	3.09	1.40	3.15	100.00	0.00
R&D经费内部支出/亿元	0.01	－1.49	－11.22	2.71	3.70	96.30
第二产业占比 / %	2.34	－4.15	－29.76	8.39	11.11	88.89
第三产业占比/%	1.68	－2.22	－3.33	2.04	7.41	92.59
居民人均可支配收入/元	34.00	1.54	－11.59	6.99	59.26	40.74
城镇人口比重/ %	5.71	3.82	－2.32	3.82	96.30	3.70
常住人口性别比	3.81	3.02	－2.29	3.02	100.00	0.00
人口密度/（人/km²）	－0.29	－2.30	－6.44	2.78	0.00	100.00
每万人高等学校在校学生数/	5.13	1.08	－3.24	1.95	62.96	37.04
PM_2.5/ ( $μ g / m 3$ )	48.09	－1.01	－18.04	8.83	44.44	55.56
绿地面积/ha	3.61	0.14	－3.11	1.03	51.85	48.15

图3 GWR模型中经济层次因素回归系数空间分布

Fig.3 Spatial distribution of regression coefficients of economic level factors of GWR model

图4 GWR模型中社会因素回归系数空间分布

Fig.4 Spatial distribution of regression coefficients of social factors of GWR model

图5 GWR模型中环境层次因素回归系数空间分布

Fig.5 Spatial distribution of regression coefficients of environmental level factors in GWR model

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