主管单位：中国科学技术协会
主办单位：中国地理学会
承办单位：华东师范大学
世界地理研究

世界地理研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (3): 70-85.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2025.03.20240548

• 地理学与区域国别研究专辑 • 上一篇    下一篇

“流空间”视角下中美在南亚国家的地缘位势解析

李彦征1,2(), 富宁宁1, 葛岳静1(), 黄宇3   

  1. 1.北京师范大学地理科学学部，北京 100875
    2.西澳大学社会科学学院，澳大利亚 珀斯 6009
    3.中国科学院青藏高原研究所青藏高原地球系统与资源环境全国重点实验室，北京 100101
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-13 修回日期:2025-01-02 出版日期:2025-03-15 发布日期:2025-03-26
  • 通讯作者: 葛岳静
  • 作者简介:李彦征（1997—），女，博士研究生，研究方向为全球化与地缘环境，E-mail：202021051056@mail.bnu.edu.cn。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(41871128);中国博士后科学基金(2020M680693)

Analysis on the geo-potential of China and the United States in South Asia from the perspective of space of flows

Yanzheng LI1,2(), Ningning FU1, Yuejing GE1(), Yu HUANG3   

  1. 1.Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
    2.School of Social Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
    3.State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
  • Received:2024-07-13 Revised:2025-01-02 Online:2025-03-15 Published:2025-03-26
  • Contact: Yuejing GE

RichHTML

PDF

摘要：

在百年未有之大变局的背景下，南亚地区因其独特的地缘价值，已然成为中美地缘博弈和权力施动的重要区域。当前，全球化和边界化的相互交织、领土逻辑和关系逻辑的相互折叠，以及权力博弈在流空间和地方空间的同时进行，为地理学与区域国别研究提供了新的理论背景。本文将“流空间”引入地缘位势研究，构建“流空间”视角下的地缘位势模型，以中美和南亚地区为案例研究区，分析中美在南亚地区地缘位势的时序和空间演变特征，并解析其驱动机制。研究发现：①“流空间”赋予地缘位势时空耦合的属性特征，地缘位势因此可被视为权力流动的空间累积，这为地缘位势的动态评估及其时空演变分析提供了理论基础。②中美在南亚地区地缘位势的时序特征可划分为4种类型：中国高位势型、中美波动型、美国高位势型、中美交替型；空间演变呈现出中国权力空间扩展与美国权力空间收缩的态势，侧面印证了“东升西降”的时代趋势。③中美在南亚地区地缘位势演变的驱动机制涉及地方空间和“流空间”2个层级，包含地缘区位的制约效应、地缘经济的互补效应、地缘政治的主导效应和地缘文化的认同效应4个维度。本文旨在丰富中国区域国别研究的知识体系，并为中国明晰外交地缘格局提供启示。

关键词: 地缘位势, 流空间, 南亚, 中美关系, 地缘博弈

Abstract:

Against the backdrop of "Great Changes Unseen in a Century", due to its unique geopolitical value, South Asia has become a crucial region for the geopolitical competition and power projection of China and the United States. Currently, geography and area studies are contextualised theoretically through the intertwinement between globalisation and borderisation, the overlapping between territorial logic and relational logic, and the power game in the space of both places and flows. In this article, we introduced the concept of "space of flows" to establish the geo-potential model. Taking China, the United States, and South Asia as case studies, we shed lighted on the spatio-temporal evolution and its geo-potential mechanism of China and the U.S. in South Asia. We find that: ①The space of flows endows geo-potential with the attributes of spatio-temporal coupling, thereby it can be considered as the spatial accumulation of power flows, providing a theoretical foundation for the dynamic assessment of geo-potential. ②The temporal characteristics of the geo-potential of China and the U.S. in South Asia can be divided into five types: China's high position type, Sino-U.S. fluctuation type, U.S. high position type, and Sino-U.S. alternating type. The spatial evolution demonstrates an expansion of China's power space and a contraction of U.S. power space, which reflects the trend of "East rising, West declining" amid the great changes of the century. ③The driving mechanisms underlying the evolution of China-U.S. geo-potential in South Asia involve two layers: space of places and space of flows, covering four dimensions: the restrictive effect of geo-location, the complementary effect of geo-economics, the dominant effect of geopolitics, and the recognition effect of geo-culture. This paper seeks to enrich the knowledge system of China's area studies and provide insights for China to clarify its diplomatic geopolitical landscape.

Key words: geo-potential, space of flows, South Asia, China-US relations, geopolitical competition