从边缘到核心：欧盟气候政策的演进研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2025.09.20240813

世界地理研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (9): 16-28.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2025.09.20240813

从边缘到核心：欧盟气候政策的演进研究

何樱灏()

^1.复旦大学，一带一路及全球治理研究院，上海 200433
^2.复旦大学，义乌研究院，上海 200433
^3.武汉大学经济外交中心，武汉 430072

收稿日期:2024-09-24 修回日期:2025-03-10 出版日期:2025-09-15 发布日期:2025-09-30
作者简介:何樱灏（1994—），女，博士，研究方向为欧洲气候治理，E-mail：yinghaohe@fudan.edu.cn。
基金资助:
国家社会科学基金青年项目(23CGJ046)

From the periphery to the core: The evolution of the EU climate policy

Yinghao HE()

^1.a. Fudan Institute of Belt and Road & Global Governance, 1b. Yiwu Research Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; 2. Institute of Economic Diplomacy, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China

Received:2024-09-24 Revised:2025-03-10 Online:2025-09-15 Published:2025-09-30

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

20世纪末，气候政策还仅仅是欧盟环境政策的一个子议题。随着《欧洲绿色新政》的出台，气候政策成为六大政策领域之首。基于国际关系学界对权威、制度和规范的理论，本研究构建欧盟气候政策“权威空间”分析框架，把“权威空间”界定为具有明确管辖范围和合法性的权力关系领域，这种权威空间由相互关联的正式制度和非正式制度共同构成。前者代表正式的法律法规和政治机构，后者指赋予正式制度合法性的法律原则、价值理念及符合公民共同预期的规范。在既有的权威空间中，正式制度和非正式制度（理念规范）驱动力的不同，导致二者的进程出现差异，从而形成3种理想形式的权威空间扩展模式和预计政策效果。通过对1986—2007年、2007—2018年、2018年至今3个阶段的实证研究，揭示欧盟气候政策的兴起、转型和扩张历程，这一演变过程大致对应3种权威空间扩展模式，并导致差异化的政策结果和政策地位。

关键词: 欧盟气候治理, 欧洲气候政策, 绿色新政, 权威空间, 规范扩散

Abstract:

At the end of the 20th century, climate policy was considered a sub-field of the EU's environmental policy. However, with the introduction of the European Green Deal, climate policy has become the leading area among the EU's 6 main policy fields.Drawing on international relations theories of authority, institutions, and norms, this study constructs an analytical framework of the EU's climate policy "sphere of authority". This "sphere of authority" is defined as a domain of power relations with clear jurisdiction and legitimacy, which is composed of both formal institutions and informal institutions (norms and ideas) that are interrelated. The former represents formal laws, regulations, and political bodies, while the latter refers to legal principles, value systems, and norms that provide legitimacy to the formal institutions and align with citizens' collective expectations. Within the existing sphere of authority, due to different driving forces behind formal institutions and informal institutions (norms), their processes often diverge, leading to three ideal types of authority space expansion models and expected policy outcomes. Through empirical research on three phases (1986-2007, 2007-2018, 2018-present), this study reveals the rise, transformation, and expansion of EU climate policy, with each phase roughly corresponding to one of the three authority space expansion models, resulting in differentiated policy outcomes and policy status.

Key words: EU climate governance, European climate policy, green deal, sphere of authority, norm diffusion

何樱灏. 从边缘到核心：欧盟气候政策的演进研究[J]. 世界地理研究, 2025, 34(9): 16-28.

Yinghao HE. From the periphery to the core: The evolution of the EU climate policy[J]. World Regional Studies, 2025, 34(9): 16-28.

图/表 3

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国家	截至2010年底	截至2015年底	截至2018年底	国家	截至2010年底	截至2015年底	截至2018年底
奥地利	0	12	12	拉脱维亚	1	19	21
比利时	1	131	270	立陶宛	3	14	14
保加利亚	1	24	26	卢森堡	0	1	1
克罗地亚	2	60	63	马耳他	9	24	24
塞浦路斯	1	21	24	荷兰	7	17	20
捷克	0	5	8	波兰	1	32	39
丹麦	2	32	34	葡萄牙	2	103	113
爱沙尼亚	1	3	5	罗马尼亚	2	48	63
芬兰	1	9	11	斯洛伐克	1	4	4
法国	3	77	82	斯洛文尼亚	0	29	29
德国	9	59	63	西班牙	48	1 229	1 545
希腊	11	80	130	瑞典	7	51	54
匈牙利	0	26	41	英国	7	32	34
爱尔兰	0	5	10	总计	128	4 910	6 005
意大利	8	2 763	3 265

国家	截至2010年底	截至2015年底	截至2018年底	国家	截至2010年底	截至2015年底	截至2018年底
奥地利	0	12	12	拉脱维亚	1	19	21
比利时	1	131	270	立陶宛	3	14	14
保加利亚	1	24	26	卢森堡	0	1	1
克罗地亚	2	60	63	马耳他	9	24	24
塞浦路斯	1	21	24	荷兰	7	17	20
捷克	0	5	8	波兰	1	32	39
丹麦	2	32	34	葡萄牙	2	103	113
爱沙尼亚	1	3	5	罗马尼亚	2	48	63
芬兰	1	9	11	斯洛伐克	1	4	4
法国	3	77	82	斯洛文尼亚	0	29	29
德国	9	59	63	西班牙	48	1 229	1 545
希腊	11	80	130	瑞典	7	51	54
匈牙利	0	26	41	英国	7	32	34
爱尔兰	0	5	10	总计	128	4 910	6 005
意大利	8	2 763	3 265

从边缘到核心：欧盟气候政策的演进研究

From the periphery to the core: The evolution of the EU climate policy

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