黄河流域经济发展与生态环境耦合协调的时空格局研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2022.06.2020674

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生态环境是经济发展的基础，合理的有序的经济发展既是生态环境的内在要求，也是加强环境保护的重要支撑。推动黄河流域经济与生态环境协调发展是该流域实现生态保护与高质量发展的前提。文中以黄河流域91个地市（州、盟）为研究单元，构建经济发展和生态环境耦合协调评价指标体系，并运用熵值法、耦合协调模型及相对发展度模型对2005—2018年黄河流域经济发展与生态环境耦合协调度时空格局进行分析。结果表明：（1）从时序分析层面看，黄河流域经济发展与生态环境耦合度整体呈小幅波动下降态势，耦合水平较低，长期处于中度耦合的颉颃阶段；协调度总体呈波动下降趋势，主要从濒临失调阶段向轻度失调阶段过渡，协调度水平有待提升；相对发展度整体呈大幅波动上升态势，具体表现为随着时间的推移总体呈现生态环境逐渐滞后于经济发展的状态；（2）从空间分析层面看，耦合度呈现由上游向中下游逐渐增强的空间格局，协调度呈现以省会城市以及沿海城市为高值中心连片分布的格局，具有明显的空间差异性，相对发展度随着时间的推移，整体呈现由分散向集中、由个别到整体的空间形态。

关键词: 经济发展, 生态环境, 耦合协调, 黄河流域

Abstract:

Ecological environment is the foundation of economic development. Coordinated development of economic development and ecological environment in the Yellow River Basin is the premise to promote its' ecological protection and high-quality development. This paper took 91 cities of the Yellow River basin as the research unit, constructed economic development and ecological environment coupling coordination evaluation index system, used entropy method and coupling coordination model to analyse the spatial and temporal pattern of coupling coordination between economic development and ecological environment in the Yellow River Basin from 2005 to 2018. The results show that: (1)From the perspective of timing analysis, the coupling degree between economic development and ecological environment in the Yellow River Basin presents a trend of slight fluctuation and decline, with a low level of coupling and a long-time opponent of moderate coupling. Overall, the degree of coordination fluctuates and declines, mainly from the stage of near disorder to the stage of mild disorder, and the level of coordination needs to be improved. As a whole, the relative degree of development fluctuates greatly, which is manifested as that the ecological environment gradually lags behind the economic development as time goes by. (2)From the perspective of spatial analysis, the coupling degree presents a spatial pattern gradually increasing from the upstream to the middle and downstream, and the coordination degree presents a pattern of continuous distribution with provincial capitals and coastal cities as the high-value centers, showing obvious spatial differences. With the passing of time, the relative development degree presents a spatial pattern from dispersion to concentration, from individual to whole.

Key words: economic development, ecological environment, coupling and coordination, Yellow River Basin

薛明月. 黄河流域经济发展与生态环境耦合协调的时空格局研究[J]. 世界地理研究, 2022, 31(6): 1261-1272.

Mingyue XUE. The spatial and temporal pattern of coupling and coordination between economic development and ecological environment in the Yellow River Basin[J]. World Regional Studies, 2022, 31(6): 1261-1272.

图/表 8

参考文献 21

1	BRADFORD D F, SCHLIECKERT R, SHORE S, et al. The Environmental Kuznets Curve: Exploring a fresh specification. Cesifo Working Paper, 2000.
2	GROSSMAN G M, KRUEGER A B. Economic growth and the environment. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1995, 110(2): 353-377.
3	PANAYOTOU T. Environment Degradation at Different Stages of Economic Development Livelihoods in the Third World. London: Macmillan Press, 1995.
4	DINDA S. Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis: A survey. Ecological Economics, 2004, 49(4): 431-455.
5	赵兴国, 潘玉君, 赵波, 等. 区域资源环境与经济发展关系的时空分析. 地理科学进展, 2011, 30(6): 706-714.
	ZHAO X, PAN Y, ZHAO B, et al. Temporal-spatial evolution of the relationship between resource-environment and economic development in China: A method based on decoupling. Progress in Gergraphy, 2011, 30(6): 706-714.
6	侯增周. 山东省东营市生态环境与经济发展协调度评估. 中国人口·资源与环境, 2011, 21(7): 157-161.
	HOU Z. Evaluation of coordination degree between ecological environment and economic development of Dongying City. China Population, Research and Development, 2011, 21(7): 157-161.
7	谷国锋, 王雪辉. 东北地区经济发展与生态环境耦合关系时空分析. 东北师大学报(哲学社会科学版), 2018(4): 154-160.
	GU G, WANG X. Spatial and temporal analysis of relationship betwen economic development and ecological environment in Northeast China. Journal of Northeast Normal University (Philosophy and Social Science),2018(4): 154-160.
8	王辉, 郭玲玲, 宋丽. 辽宁省14市经济与环境协调度的时空演变研究. 干旱区资源与环境, 2011, 25(5): 35-40.
	WANG H, GUO L, SONG L. Spatial evolution of the economic and environmental coordination degree for 14 cities in Liaoning Province. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2011, 25(5): 35-40.
9	张国俊, 王珏晗, 吴坤津, 等. 中国三大城市群经济与环境协调度时空特征及影响因素. 地理研究, 2020, 39(2): 272-288.
	ZHANG G, WANG Y, WU K, et al. Spatial-temporal characteristics and influencing factors of coordination between economic and environmental development of three major urban agglomerations in China. Geographical Research, 2020, 39(2): 272-288.
10	刘承良, 段德忠, 余瑞林, 等. 武汉城市圈社会经济与资源环境系统耦合作用的时空结构. 中国人口·资源与环境, 2014, 24(5): 145-152.
	LIU C, DUAN D, YU R, et al. Spatio-temporal structure of coupling of the economy-resources-environment system in Wuhan Metropolitan Area. China Population, Research and Development, 2014, 24(5): 145-152.
11	李敏纳, 蔡舒, 覃成林. 黄河流域经济空间分异态势分析. 经济地理, 2011, 31(3): 379-383.
	LI M, CAI S, QU C. An analysis of situation of economic spatial dissimilarity in the Yellow River Valley. Economic Geography, 2011, 31(3): 379-383.
12	韩增林, 赵启行, 赵东霞, 等. 2000—2015年东北地区县域人口与经济耦合协调演变及空间差异——以辽宁省为例. 地理研究, 2019, 38(12): 3025-3037.
	HAN Z, ZHAO Q, ZHAO D, et al. Population and economic coupling coordinated evolution and spatial differences at county level in Northeast China during 2000-2015: Taking Liaoning Province as an example. Geographical Resrearch, 2019, 38(12): 3025-3037.
13	杨雅楠, 阿里木江·卡斯木. "一带一路"背景下新疆城镇交通优势度与区域经济发展水平的关系分析. 干旱区地理, 2017, 40(3): 680-691.
	YANG Y, ALIMUJIANG K. Relationship between regional transportation advantage and development of reginal economy in Xinjiang under the background of the national strategy of the Belt and Road. Arid Land Geography, 2017, 40(3): 680-691.
14	刘新平, 孟梅. 土地持续利用与生态环境协调发展的耦合关系分析——以塔里木河流域为例. 干旱区地理, 2011, 34(1): 173-178.
	LIU X, MENG M. Sustainable land use and the coupling relation of ecological economic harmonious development: A case study of Tarim River Basin. Arid Land Geography, 2011, 34(1): 173-178.
15	范擎宇, 杨山, 胡信. 耦合视角下长三角地区城镇化协调度的时空特征及交互机制. 地理研究, 2020, 39(2): 289-302.
	FAN Q, YANG S, HU X. Temporal and spatial characteristics and interaction process of urbanization coordination in the Yangtze River Delta region from the perspective of coupling. Geographical Research, 2020, 39(2): 289-302.
16	姚丽, 谷国锋, 芦杰, 等. 中国经济空间一体化与生态环境耦合格局及区域差异分析. 世界地理研究, 2014, 23(1): 111-121.
	YAO L, GU G, LU J, et al. Spatial pattern and regional disparity of regional economic integration and ecology-environmental stress in China. World Regional Studies, 2014, 23(1): 111-121.
17	焦华富, 杨显明. 煤炭资源型城市产业结构演替与空间形态演变耦合——以安徽省淮南市为例. 地理学报, 2016, 71(6): 998-1009.
	JIAO H, YANG X. Relationship between industrial structure evolution and urban spatial form succession of the coal resource-based cities: A case study of Huainan City. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2016, 71(6): 998-1009.
18	董文静, 王昌森, 张震. 山东省乡村振兴与乡村旅游时空耦合研究. 地理科学, 2020, 40(4): 628-636.
	DONG W, WANG C, ZHANG Z. The space-time coupling between rural revitalization strategy and rural tourism development in Shandong Province. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2020, 40(4): 628-636.
19	李雪铭, 郭玉洁, 田深圳, 等. 辽宁省城市人居环境系统耦合协调度时空格局演变及驱动力研究. 地理科学, 2019, 39(8): 1208-1218.
	LI X, GUO Y, TIAN S, et al. The spatio-temporal pattern evolution and driving force of the coupling coordination degree of urban human settlements system in Liaoning Province. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2019, 39(8): 1208-1218.
20	唐永超, 王成新, 王瑞莉, 等. 基于精明发展的城市扩张与土地利用效益的耦合研究——以济南市主城区为例. 人文地理, 2020, 35(4): 91-98.
	TANG Y, WANG C, WANG R, et al. Coupling research on urban expansion and land use efficiency based on smart development: A case of Jinan's core area. Human Geography, 2020, 35(4): 91-98.
21	姜海宁, 张文忠, 余建辉, 等. 山西资源型城市创新环境与产业结构转型空间耦合. 自然资源学报, 2020, 35(2): 269-283.
	JIANG H, ZHANG W, YU J, et al. Spatial coupling of innovative milieu and industrial structure transformation of resource-based cities in Shanxi Province. Journal of Natural Resources, 2020, 35(2): 269-283.

目标层	准则层	指标层	指标属性	目标层	准则层	指标层	指标属性
经济发展	经济发展规模	人均GDP/元	＋	生态环境	生态环境压力	工业废水排放量/t	－
		人均地方一般公共预算收入/元	＋			工业粉尘排放量/t	－
		人均固定资产投资总额/元	＋			工业二氧化硫排放量/万t	－
	经济发展结构	第一产业增加值占GDP比重/%	＋		生态环境状态	人均绿地面积/ m²	＋
		第二产业增加值占GDP比重/%	＋			建成区绿化覆盖率/%	＋
		第三产业增加值占GDP比重/%	＋			人均水资源量/ m³	＋
	经济发展活力	人均社会消费品零售额/元	＋		生态环境响应	固体废物综合利用率/ %	＋
		城镇居民人均可支配收入/元	＋			污水集中处理率/%	＋
		农村居民人均可支配收入/元	＋			生活垃圾无害化处理率/%	＋

目标层	准则层	指标层	指标属性	目标层	准则层	指标层	指标属性
经济发展	经济发展规模	人均GDP/元	＋	生态环境	生态环境压力	工业废水排放量/t	－
		人均地方一般公共预算收入/元	＋			工业粉尘排放量/t	－
		人均固定资产投资总额/元	＋			工业二氧化硫排放量/万t	－
	经济发展结构	第一产业增加值占GDP比重/%	＋		生态环境状态	人均绿地面积/ m²	＋
		第二产业增加值占GDP比重/%	＋			建成区绿化覆盖率/%	＋
		第三产业增加值占GDP比重/%	＋			人均水资源量/ m³	＋
	经济发展活力	人均社会消费品零售额/元	＋		生态环境响应	固体废物综合利用率/ %	＋
		城镇居民人均可支配收入/元	＋			污水集中处理率/%	＋
		农村居民人均可支配收入/元	＋			生活垃圾无害化处理率/%	＋

耦合等级	耦合阶段	耦合度	耦合等级	耦合阶段	耦合度
0.000 < C ≤ 0.399	低水平耦合阶段	极低耦合	0.499 < C ≤ 0.549	磨合阶段	较高耦合
0.399 < C ≤ 0.449	低水平耦合阶段	较低耦合	0.549 < C ≤ 0.599	高水平耦合阶段	高度耦合
0.449 < C ≤ 0.499	颉颃阶段	中度耦合	0.599< C ≤ 1.000	高水平耦合阶段	极高耦合

耦合等级	耦合阶段	耦合度	耦合等级	耦合阶段	耦合度
0.000 < C ≤ 0.399	低水平耦合阶段	极低耦合	0.499 < C ≤ 0.549	磨合阶段	较高耦合
0.399 < C ≤ 0.449	低水平耦合阶段	较低耦合	0.549 < C ≤ 0.599	高水平耦合阶段	高度耦合
0.449 < C ≤ 0.499	颉颃阶段	中度耦合	0.599< C ≤ 1.000	高水平耦合阶段	极高耦合

协调度（D）	协调等级	协调度（D）	协调等级
0.00 < D ≤0.09	极度失调	0.49 < D ≤0.59	勉强协调
0.09 < D ≤0.19	严重失调	0.59< D ≤0.69	初级协调
0.19 < D ≤0.29	中度失调	0.69 < D ≤0.79	中级协调
0.29 < D ≤0.39	轻度失调	0.79 < D ≤0.89	良好协调
0.39 < D ≤0.49	濒临失调	0.89 < D ≤1.00	优质协调