体育赛事视角下的世界城市网络结构特征

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.09.2021825

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在体育强国建设背景下，体育赛事由于能引发大量城市间联系从而推动城市发展、提升城市影响力和地位，已成为城市营销和城市形象塑造的重要手段。现有研究大多针对奥运会等大型体育赛事开展研究，而未关注到主办城市分布更广、举办更为频繁的单项体育巡回赛事。本文以世界影响力最大的巡回赛事——国际网球巡回赛为研究对象，结合社会网络分析及链锁网络模型方法，对基于国际网球巡回赛的城市联系特征进行分析。研究结果发现：①基于国际网球巡回赛的世界城市网络具有鲜明的等级层次性，高等级的城市节点多为赛事主办城市或高级别赞助商转播商所在城市，且高等级的城市间联系大多发生在核心城市节点之间。②国际网球巡回赛引发城市联系具有事件差异性和区域差异性，整体来看，呈现欧洲、北美洲-亚洲-大洋洲、南美洲-非洲的“核心-边缘”结构。③城市网络形成了以三大网球协会总部所在城市、赛事主办城市（尤其是大满贯赛事）为主要核心的多个城市联系组团。该研究提出了一种与奥运会不同的不稳定的城市网络结构，补充了现有体育赛事型世界城市网络研究的不足，为我国各级城市承办国际体育赛事的规划与决策提供了参考。

关键词: 国际网球巡回赛, 城市间联系, 世界城市网络, 社会网络分析, 体育赛事

Abstract:

In the context of the construction of a Leading Sport Nation, sports events have become an important means of city marketing and shaping city image because they can trigger a large number of inter-city connections to promote the development of cities and enhance their influence and position. Most of the existing studies focus on large-scale sports events such as the Olympic Games, but do not pay attention to the individual sports touring events which are widely distributed and held more frequently in the host city. This paper takes the Tennis World Tour, which is the most influential tournament, as the research object, combined with the method of social network analysis and chain network model, to analyze the characteristics of city connection based on Tennis World Tour. The results show that: (1) The world city network based on Tennis World Tour has a distinct hierarchy, and most of the high-level city nodes are host cities or cities where the high-level sponsors or broadcasters are located, and the high-level inter-city connections mostly occur between the core city nodes. (2) The inter-city connection caused by Tennis World Tour has event differences and regional differences, showing the core-edge structure of Europe, North America-Asia-Oceania and South America-Africa as a whole. (3) The city network has formed a number of city groups with the headquarters of the three major tennis associations and the host city of the event (especially the Grand Slam tournament) as the main core. This study puts forward an unstable urban network structure which is different from that of the Olympic Games, complements the deficiency of the existing research on the world urban network of sports events, and provides a reference for the planning and decision-making of cities at all levels in China to host international sports events.

Key words: Tennis World Tours, inter-city connections, world city network, social network analysis

欧钰斌, 黄耿志, 薛德升. 体育赛事视角下的世界城市网络结构特征[J]. 世界地理研究, 2023, 32(9): 1-16.

Yubin OU, Gengzhi HUANG, Desheng XUE. Structure of world city network based on sports events: Case study of Tennis World Tours[J]. World Regional Studies, 2023, 32(9): 1-16.

图/表 8

图1 国际网球巡回赛各类事件的联系示意图注：单事件下可能出现1~2种不同的联系类型，主体颜色的深浅代表主体在联系中的重要性差异，颜色越深，则重要性越大。

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of the connections caused by different events

图2 国际体育赛事各类事件城市服务值空间分布注：基于自然资源部网站下载的审图号为GS2016（1666）号的标准地图绘制，底图无修改，本文地图皆同。

Fig.2 The regional distributions of activity values based on Tennis World Tour

图3 基于国际网球巡回赛的城市网络关联矩阵注：城市间存在联系则相应单元格被填充为蓝色。

Fig.3 The connectivity matrixes for the city network based on Tennis World Tour

图4 基于国际网球巡回赛的世界城市网络层级

Fig.4 The world city network based on Tennis World Tour

表1 国际网球巡回赛各事件城市连接度排名

Tab.1 Top ten most-connected cities of each events

全球区域	总体		权力竞争		赞助活动		宣传活动
全球区域	连接对	联系值	连接对	联系值	连接对	联系值	连接对	联系值
1	纽约-伦敦	163	巴黎-伦敦	70	伦敦-纽约	88	北京-伦敦	90
2	巴黎-伦敦	143	伦敦-墨尔本	60	伦敦-迪拜	60	圣彼德斯堡-伦敦	90
3	多伦多-伦敦	128	深圳-圣彼德斯堡	50	罗马-慕尼黑	60	多伦多-伦敦	86
4	伦敦-马德里	116	珠海-圣彼德斯堡	40	北京-斯图加特	51	伦敦-马德里	86
5	伦敦-迪拜	115	伦敦-都灵	40	沃尔多夫-圣彼德斯堡	50	伦敦-罗马	70
6	北京-圣彼德斯堡	110	伦敦-纽约	40	斯图加特-圣彼德斯堡	50	伦敦-东京	70
7	北京-伦敦	110	印第安那波利斯-圣彼德斯堡	30	北京-圣彼德斯堡	50	伦敦-布里斯托(美国)	66
8	罗马-伦敦	100	罗马-圣彼德斯堡	30	迈阿密-圣保罗	48	多哈-伦敦	64
9	伦敦-东京	94	蒙特卡洛-伦敦	30	罗马-米兰	48	伦敦-都柏林	61
10	圣彼德斯堡-伦敦	90	罗马-伦敦	30	纽约-日内瓦	48	圣彼德斯堡-斯德哥尔摩	60

图5 国际网球巡回赛各事件城市间联系示意图

Fig.5 Inter-city connections in each events based on Tennis World Tour

图6 权力竞争和赞助活动引发的城市联系社区划分结果

Fig.6 Community detection of inter-city connections caused by power struggling and sponsor activities

图7 奥运会及国际网球巡回赛塑造的城市网络结构对比

Fig.7 Comparison of world city network based on Tennis World Tour and Olympic Games

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