基于GlobeLand30的缅甸地表覆盖变化及驱动因素分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2021.03.2019347

世界地理研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (3): 478-489.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2021.03.2019347

基于GlobeLand30的缅甸地表覆盖变化及驱动因素分析

李灿松¹(), 陈军², 葛岳静³, 陈利军², 张委伟⁴, 张宇硕³, 赵亚博⁵

^1.云南师范大学地理学部，昆明 650500
^2.国家基础地理信息中心，北京 100830
^3.北京师范大学地理科学部，北京 100875
^4.苏州科技大学环境科学与工程学院，江苏苏州 215009
^5.广东工业大学建筑与城市规划学院，广州 510090

收稿日期:2019-07-22 修回日期:2019-10-22 出版日期:2021-05-20 发布日期:2021-06-08
作者简介:李灿松（1980-），男，教授，博士生导师，研究方向民族地理、南亚东南亚地缘政治与地缘经济，E-mail： cansongli@126.com。
基金资助:
国家社科重大项目(2016ZDA041);云南省科技厅重点项目(202001AS070032);云南省中青年学术技术带头人后备人才项目

Land cover changes and their driving forces in Myanmar based on GlobeLand30

Cansong LI¹(), Jun CHEN², Yuejing GE³, Lijun CHEN², Weiwei ZHANG⁴, Yushuo ZHANG³, Yabo ZHAO⁵

^1.Faculty of Geography, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
^2.National Geomatics Center of China, Beijing 100830, China
^3.Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
^4.Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215006, China
^5.School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510090, China.

Received:2019-07-22 Revised:2019-10-22 Online:2021-05-20 Published:2021-06-08

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

受缅甸国内局势影响和国际环境制约，加上缺乏中高分辨率地理信息资料，外界对其地理环境研究甚少，尤其是缺乏对其地表覆盖变化及驱动因子的了解和认知。利用我国研制的世界上首套全球两期（2000和2010年）30米地表覆盖信息产品GlobeLand30，分析2000—2010年缅甸全国地表覆盖的空间分布与变化，并结合社会经济统计数据，从政策调控、政治环境、经济发展、民族文化等方面综合研究了地表覆盖变化的驱动因素。研究发现，十年间缅甸地表覆盖变化较大，时空差异明显。具体为：①林地呈东增西减，总量增加迅速，新增林地中心向东南、东北集中并有不断增长的趋势，靠近“金三角”的缅东南、德林达依海岸的各省邦成为林地高速增长区；②全国范围内耕地减少，在伊洛瓦底河谷区集中依然明显，伊洛瓦底江中下游以西和掸邦耕地减少最多，林地和人造地表侵占显著，农业特许经营和替代种植影响显著；③人造地表增长迅速，以伊洛瓦底江三角洲为重心，向河谷中游和东部蔓延，人口较多的缅族和掸族聚居区成为人造地表高速增长区；④就地表覆盖变化的驱动因素而言，十年间自然灾害对南部地区地表覆盖有明显的影响，但农业政策、政治格局、经济驱动是主要驱动因素。

关键词: 缅甸，地表覆盖, GlobeLand30, 时空变化, 驱动因素, 地缘环境

Abstract:

Influenced by domestic situations in Myanmar, restricted by international environment, along with insufficient information materials of middle or high-resolution land cover product, the researches on Myanmar's geographical environment undertaken by outside world are extremely few and the understanding of land cover change and relevant driving factors are especially in great scarcity. This article utilizes GlobeLand30 which is the first global 30m land cover product developed by China, initially analyzes space variations of national land cover in Myanmar from 2000 to 2010 with combination of social and economic statistical data and comprehensively researches on driving factors of land-surface coverage change in aspects of policy regulation and control, political environment, economic development, and ethnic culture etc. Researches have shown that, in recent ten years, Myanmar's land cover have undertaken great changes, spatial and temporal disparities were remarkably, which are concretely manifested below: (1)The Forest has an increase in eastern region and a decrease in western region with a rapid increase of total quantities. The newly-increased Forest started to be concentrated in southeastern and northeastern regions and shows a tendency of consistent growth. Southeast regions of Myanmar adjoining "Golden Triangle" and each states of Tenasserim Coast become Forest high-speed growth areas; (2) The Cultivated land with the national scope decreases and the concentration in Irrawaddy River valley area is still remarkable. Western region of middle and lower reaches of Irrawaddy River and Shan-State Cultivated land have the largest reductions. Forest and Artificial surface are remarkably occupied. Agricultural franchise and substitute plantation extort significant influence; (3) Artificial surface increases rapidly, which takes Irrawaddy River Delta as the core and spreads to middle stream of river valley and eastern region. The Shan-ethnicity regions and Bamar-ethnicity regions which have relative dense population become Artificial surface high-speed growth areas; (4) The natural disasters within ten years exert great influence on earth-surface coverage in southern region. However, agricultural policy, political pattern, economic force are main driving factors. And utilization of GlobeLand30 combining Burmese socio-economic data can improve the accuracy of its land-category statistics.

Key words: land cover, GlobeLand30, land cover change, driving factors

李灿松, 陈军, 葛岳静, 陈利军, 张委伟, 张宇硕, 赵亚博. 基于GlobeLand30的缅甸地表覆盖变化及驱动因素分析[J]. 世界地理研究, 2021, 30(3): 478-489.

Cansong LI, Jun CHEN, Yuejing GE, Lijun CHEN, Weiwei ZHANG, Yushuo ZHANG, Yabo ZHAO. Land cover changes and their driving forces in Myanmar based on GlobeLand30[J]. World Regional Studies, 2021, 30(3): 478-489.

图/表 12

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参数	耕地	林地	草地	灌丛	湿地	水体	人造地表	裸地	冰雪
面积/km²	165428.52	437997.29	36956.72	9259.37	4349.61	8195.55	4618.07	1022.89	511.94
比例/%	24.75	65.54	5.53	1.39	0.65	1.23	0.69	0.15	0.08

参数	耕地	林地	草地	灌丛	湿地	水体	人造地表	裸地	冰雪
面积/km²	165428.52	437997.29	36956.72	9259.37	4349.61	8195.55	4618.07	1022.89	511.94
比例/%	24.75	65.54	5.53	1.39	0.65	1.23	0.69	0.15	0.08

变化地类	2010年/km²	2000年/km²	变化量/km²	变化率/%
耕地	166331.66	166390.44	-58.78	-0.004
林地	437997.29	425042.60	12954.69	0.31
草地	36956.72	48560.67	-11603.95	-2.39
灌丛地	9259.37	13209.71	-3950.34	-2.99
湿地	4349.61	4206.98	142.63	0.34
水体	8795.55	7480.05	1315.50	1.76
人造覆盖	4618.07	3242.40	1375.67	4.24
裸地	1022.89	942.74	80.15	0.85
冰雪	511.94	734.51	-222.57	-3.03

变化地类	2010年/km²	2000年/km²	变化量/km²	变化率/%
耕地	166331.66	166390.44	-58.78	-0.004
林地	437997.29	425042.60	12954.69	0.31
草地	36956.72	48560.67	-11603.95	-2.39
灌丛地	9259.37	13209.71	-3950.34	-2.99
湿地	4349.61	4206.98	142.63	0.34
水体	8795.55	7480.05	1315.50	1.76
人造覆盖	4618.07	3242.40	1375.67	4.24
裸地	1022.89	942.74	80.15	0.85
冰雪	511.94	734.51	-222.57	-3.03

地类	耕地	林地	草地	灌丛地	湿地	水体	人造覆盖	裸地	冰雪
耕地	0.00	43.30	27.75	9.57	4.85	11.18	2.94	0.41	0.00
林地	20.97	0.00	58.44	15.77	1.52	2.67	0.16	0.42	0.05
草地	11.09	67.28	0.00	15.77	0.99	3.25	0.11	1.38	0.13
灌丛地	19.23	35.98	43.31	0.00	0.03	1.36	0.05	0.04	0.00
湿地	31.21	36.23	12.21	5.95	0.00	14.27	0.12	0.01	0.00
水体	52.78	19.76	16.19	2.75	6.02	0.00	0.54	1.94	0.01
人造覆盖	64.89	27.14	6.52	0.27	0.07	1.11	0.00	0.00	0.00
裸地	7.88	17.34	21.67	0.27	0.00	17.55	0.01	0.00	35.29
冰雪	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00

基于GlobeLand30的缅甸地表覆盖变化及驱动因素分析

Land cover changes and their driving forces in Myanmar based on GlobeLand30

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图/表 12

参考文献 37

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Metrics

省邦	2010年总林地面积/km²	林地的净变化情况/km²	变化的百分比/%	2010年总耕地/km²	耕地的净变化情况/km²	变化的百分比/%
合计	437997.29	12954.69	2.96	165428.52	-58.78	-0.04
克钦邦	76566.31	817.45	1.07	5363.75	729.35	13.60
实皆省	60529.32	1790.48	2.96	28445.93	-643.89	-2.26
掸邦	113191.07	4935.12	4.36	28477.49	-185.71	-0.65
钦邦	31156.89	524.5	1.68	520.33	-9.36	-1.80
曼德勒省	12762.04	87.84	0.69	20579.23	-177.86	-0.86
马圭省	11300.36	-118.86	-1.05	21230.22	274.59	1.29
克耶邦	10005.56	-194.65	-1.95	973.35	-14.93	-1.53
克伦邦	25356.94	705.4	2.78	4526.78	57.66	1.27
勃固省	20725.19	249.78	1.21	15323.78	228.74	1.49
伊洛瓦底省	7877.89	128.05	1.63	20452.03	-373.87	-1.83
德林达伊省	36144.03	3701.47	10.24	1803.57	174.07	9.65
孟邦	6208.09	218.8	3.52	4421.06	-17.13	-0.39
若开邦	24320.66	80.10	0.33	6634.67	32.39	0.49
仰光省	1852.93	29.19	1.57	6676.34	-132.82	-1.99

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