“一带一路”绿色贸易合作与竞争格局研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2021.04.2020179

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

绿色贸易是绿色“一带一路”建设的重要任务。通过选取UN Comtrade 2005—2017年中国与沿线64国APEC环境产品清单中54类环境产品贸易数据，运用产业内贸易指数和边际产业内贸易指数定量研究环境产品贸易竞合关系状况，分析之前格局，基于现有格局，完善未来布局，进而提高域内绿色贸易整体水平。研究发现：“一带一路”绿色贸易总体保持增长趋势，但发展水平、空间分布和进出口之间比较不平衡；进口产品结构相对集中，出口产品结构相对均衡；整体表现为产业间贸易和产业内贸易并存的特征，以合作格局为主，竞争格局为辅；“一带一路”倡议提出以来，绿色贸易增长从主要源于产业间贸易向产业内贸易转变。建议在东南亚地区开展错位合作，主要进行技术研发合作，重点布局新兴绿色产业；在其他地区开展整体合作，主要进行产业规划转移，分层次、分国家、分时段布局传统绿色产业，构建绿色产业生产网络；加快出台“一带一路”环境产品名录，提高绿色产品产业内贸易水平。

关键词: “一带一路”倡议, 绿色贸易, 绿色投资, 绿色产业, 合作与竞争格局

Abstract:

The green trade is a important task for the construction of the "Green Belt and Road".This article studies 54 kinds of emvironment products trade data during 2005-2017 of China and the 64 countries along the B&R in APEC List of Environmental Goods,aiming to study the competition and cooperation relationship of environmental products trade through quantitatively analysing environment products trade status by using the intra-industry trade index and marginal intra-industry trade index.In the end,giving some suggestions about how to raise the overall level of intra-region green trade by analyzing the previous pattern and improving the future layout based on the existing pattern.The study found that the B&R green trade generally maintained a growing trend,while the development level,spatial distribution and import and export is disparate;The imports are concentrated in southeast Asia,while the exports are mainly from Southeast Asia,followed by Central and Eastern Europe,South Asia and West Asia;The import product structure is relatively concentrated,while the export product structure is relatively equal;The integral characteristic of green trade between China and these countries along the "Belt and Road" is the coexistence of inter-industry trade and intra-industry trade,which is dominated by inter-industry trade and supplemented by intra-industry trade;Currently,China has the highest degree of intra-industry trade with Cambodia and Estonia,but still has a high level of inter-industry trade with most other countries,so the number of cooperative countries and the number of cooperative industrial projects are very a lot;In addition,since the"Belt and Road" Initiative was put forward in 2013,the growth of green trade mainly relies on intra-industry trade.It is suggested to carry out dislocation cooperation in southeast Asia and overall cooperation in other regions.In a word,building a green industry network within the area of the B&R and improve intra-industry trade level of green products.At the same time,strengthening the formulation of rules and standards, which is aimed at promoting the release of a list of environmental products within the scope of "the Belt and Road" as soon as possible and the construction of long-term and sticky market cooperation mechanism.

Key words: The Belt and Road Initiative, green trade, green investment, green industry, cooperation and competition pattern

姚峪岩, 张翼飞, 金紫洋, 蒋烨. “一带一路”绿色贸易合作与竞争格局研究[J]. 世界地理研究, 2021, 30(4): 792-801.

Yuyan YAO, Yifei ZHANG, Ziyang JIN, Ye JIANG. Study on the green trade cooperation and competition pattern of the "Belt and Road"[J]. World Regional Studies, 2021, 30(4): 792-801.

图/表 5

表1 APEC环境产品清单归类总结

Tab.1 Summary of APEC list of environmental goods

编码1	编码2	编码3	产品描述
44	4418	441872	竹及竹制品
84	8402、8404、8406、8411、8412、8417、8419、8421、8474、8479	840290、840410、840420、840490、840690、841182、841199、841290、841780、841790、841919、841939、841960、841989、841990、842121、842129、842139、842199、847420、847982、847989、847990	锅炉、机器、机械器具及其零件
85	8501、8502、8503、8504、8514、8541、8543	850164、850231、850239、850300、850490、851410、851420、851430、851490、854140、854390	电机、电气设备及其零件
90	9013、9015、9026、9027、9031、9032、9033	901380、901390、901580、902610、902620、902680、902690、902710、902720、902730、902750、902780、902790、903149、903180、903190、903289、903290、903300	光学、计量、检验仪器及设备、精密仪器及设备和上述物品的零件、附件

图1 2017年中国与“一带一路”各地区绿色贸易情况

Fig.1 Green trade situation between China and "Belt and Road" regions in 2017

图2 2005—2017中国和“一带一路”64国绿色贸易总额及差额变化

Fig.2 Changes of green trade between China and 64 countries along the B&R from 2005 to 2017

图3 2005—2017中国从64国绿色产品进口额（上）、出口额（下）占比变化

Fig.3 Changes in the proportion of Chinese green products’imports（upper） and exports（lower）from 64 countries along the B&R from 2005 to 2017

图4 中国与“一带一路”64国产业内贸易指数（a）和边际产业内贸易指数（b）

Fig.4 Industry trade index（a） and intra-industry trade index（b） between China and 64 countries along the B&R

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