“一带一路”视域下中国与中亚国家地缘经济合作比较研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2020.01.2018553

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

中亚五国是我国西出的首站，是参与丝绸之路经济带建设的重要国家，中国与中亚的贸易投资合作直接关系到我国地缘经济空间的拓展，对“一带一路”建设意义重大。本文从地缘经济和区域经济合作的角度，运用统计分析和比较分析的方法，研究比较了中亚五国经济总量的发展变化，中亚五国的贸易环境及其与中国贸易的成效，以及中亚五国的营商环境和中国对中亚各国投资的成效。主要结论如下：中亚国家的贸易投资环境总体处于较低水平，仍需得到进一步改善；中国对中亚不同国家的贸易和投资呈同向发展的趋势；中国与中亚国家正在形成能源资源进口与民用品出口的格局；中国对中亚国家的贸易投资不平衡，呈现出国别差异较大、个别行业分布过于集中的特点，可能会加大中国对中亚国家贸易投资的风险。为进一步提升双方合作，提出以下建议：提高区域贸易投资便利化水平；因国施策，进一步发挥各方潜力，扩大贸易投资规模；促进区域经济的均衡可持续发展；鼓励双向投资，提高贸易投资的广度和深度，与中亚共同构建更加合理的区域贸易投资体系。

关键词: 地缘经济合作, 贸易与投资, 环境, 成效, 中亚国家, “一带一路”倡议

Abstract:

The five countries of Central Asia participate in the construction of the Silk Road Economic Belt. The trade and investment cooperation between China and the five countries of Central Asia is directly related to the expansion of the geo- economic space of China. So it is of great significance to the construction of OBOR. In this paper, from the perspective of geo-economic and regional economic cooperation, using statistical analysis and comparative analysis methods, the auther studies and compares the development and changes of the economic aggregates of the five countries of Central Asia, their trade environment and the effectiveness of trade with China, their business environment and the effectiveness of China's investment in Central Asian countries. The main conclusions are as follows: The trade and investment environment of Central Asian countries is generally at a low level and still needs further improvement; Trade and investment between China with different countries of Central Asia are developing in the same direction; China and Central Asian countries are forming a pattern of energy imports and exports of civilian goods; Trade and investment between China with Central Asian countries are imbalances, it shows the characteristics of large differences among countries and concentrated of individual industries, which may increase the risk of China’s trade and investment in Central Asian countries.In order to further enhance the level of cooperation, we put forward the following suggestions: to improve the level of regional trade and investment facilitation; to take different strategies for different countries,to further develop the potential of all parties, expand the scale of trade and investment; to encourage two-way investment, and increase the breadth and depth of trade and investment，together to build a more rational regional system of trade and investment between China and the five countries of Central Asia.

Key words: geo-economic cooperation, trade and investment, envirment, effect, Central Asian countries, OBOR

王海燕. “一带一路”视域下中国与中亚国家地缘经济合作比较研究[J]. 世界地理研究, 2020, 29(1): 18-29.

Haiyan WANG. Comparative research on geo-economic cooperation between China and Central Asian countries from the perspective of OBOR[J]. World Regional Studies, 2020, 29(1): 18-29.

图/表 8

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国别	1993年				2000年				2010年				2017年
	GDP		人均GDP		GDP		人均GDP		GDP		人均GDP		GDP		人均GDP
	亿美元	排名	美元	排名	亿美元	排名	美元	排名	亿美元	排名	美元	排名	亿美元	排名	美元	排名
哈国	52	97	305	144	183	72	1231	108	1481	50	9005	67	1563	54	8585	73
乌国	55	95	252	151	137	77	551	135	390	82	1367	140	675	70	2128	134
土国	54	96	1343	87	114	50	1116	113	226	97	4479	96	417	84	7522	79
塔国	6.8	142	122	165	9.9	149	159	176	56	143	741	161	72	139	819	161
吉国	6.7	143	162	148	13.7	141	278	159	48	144	875	156	71	140	1139	153

国别	1993年				2000年				2010年				2017年
	GDP		人均GDP		GDP		人均GDP		GDP		人均GDP		GDP		人均GDP
	亿美元	排名	美元	排名	亿美元	排名	美元	排名	亿美元	排名	美元	排名	亿美元	排名	美元	排名
哈国	52	97	305	144	183	72	1231	108	1481	50	9005	67	1563	54	8585	73
乌国	55	95	252	151	137	77	551	135	390	82	1367	140	675	70	2128	134
土国	54	96	1343	87	114	50	1116	113	226	97	4479	96	417	84	7522	79
塔国	6.8	142	122	165	9.9	149	159	176	56	143	741	161	72	139	819	161
吉国	6.7	143	162	148	13.7	141	278	159	48	144	875	156	71	140	1139	153

国别	得分	世界位	同比上年得分	性质
哈国	69	42	+5.4	有限度的中等自由经济体
吉国	61.1	89	+1.5	有限度的中等自由经济体
塔国	58.2	109	+6.9	比较压制的较不自由经济体
乌国	52.3	148	+6.3	比较压制的较不自由经济体
土国	47.4	170	+5.5	受压制经济体

国别	得分	世界位	同比上年得分	性质
哈国	69	42	+5.4	有限度的中等自由经济体
吉国	61.1	89	+1.5	有限度的中等自由经济体
塔国	58.2	109	+6.9	比较压制的较不自由经济体
乌国	52.3	148	+6.3	比较压制的较不自由经济体
土国	47.4	170	+5.5	受压制经济体

国别	1992	2000	2005	2010	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017
哈国	38000	155696	680611	2044852	2568157	2859596	2245167	1429724	1310842	1800000
土国	450	1616	10996	156964	1037250	1003090	1047044	864468	590176	695000
吉国	3600	17761	97220	419964	516232	513770	529794	434181	568173	545000
乌国	5300	5146	68056	248327	287519	455145	427612	349792	361609	496100
塔国	300	1717	15794	143256	185670	195812	251594	184885	176255	137000
共计	47650	181936	872677	3013363	4594828	5027413	4501211	3263050	3007055	3673100