黄河流域PM2.5时空演变特征及其影响因素分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2022.01.2020212

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

选取2000—2017年大气PM_2.5遥感反演数据集，综合运用标准差椭圆及地理探测器等方法，揭示了黄河流域PM_2.5的时空演变特征及其影响因素。结果表明：2000—2017年黄河流域PM_2.5年均浓度整体呈现先快速增加后又波动变化的演变趋势，空气污染状况不容乐观；黄河流域PM_2.5空间集聚性明显，低值区稳定分布在内蒙古中部和西南部高原地区，高值区一方面分布在自然条件较差的西北内陆，另一方面集中在人类活动强度较高的地带；黄河流域PM_2.5污染总体呈现出“西北-东南”方向的分布格局，其浓度在地理空间上呈现分散化的趋势，即污染的主要范围有所扩大；人口密度、工业化水平、外商投资以及科技支出等经济社会因素对PM_2.5浓度存在显著影响，但其作用强度及方向存在差异。

关键词: PM_2.5, 雾霾污染, 时空演变, 地理探测器, 黄河流域

Abstract:

Taking the remote sensing inversion data of PM_2.5 from 2000 to 2017, this paper analyzed the spatial-temporal evolution characteristics and influencing factors of PM_2.5 in the Yellow River Basin by using the methods of standard deviation ellipse and geographical detector. The major results are showed as follows. Firstly, PM_2.5concentration in the Yellow River Basin shows a trend of rapid increase and then fluctuated in 2000-2007, so the situation of air pollution is not optimistic. Secondly, the spatial aggregation of PM_2.5 in the Yellow River Basin is significant, and the low value areas are stably distributed in the central Inner Mongolia and the southwest plateau. The high value areas are distributed in the northwest inland with poor natural conditions,they are concentrated in the areas with high intensity of human activities. Then the results show that PM_2.5 pollution in the Yellow River Basin generally presents a distribution pattern in the direction of "northwest to southeast", and its concentration tends to be dispersed in geographical space, the main scope of pollution has been expanded.Finally, population density, industrialization level, foreign investment, scientific research expenditure and other economic social factors have significant influence, but their intensity and direction of action are different.

Key words: PM_2.5, haze pollution, spatial-temporal evolution, geographic detector, the Yellow River Basin

李衡, 韩燕. 黄河流域PM_2.5时空演变特征及其影响因素分析[J]. 世界地理研究, 2022, 31(1): 130-141.

Heng LI, Yan HAN. Analysis on the spatial-temporal evolution characteristics of PM_2.5 and its influencing factors in the Yellow River Basin[J]. World Regional Studies, 2022, 31(1): 130-141.

图/表 7

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国家/ 组织	类别	年均值/ (ug/m³)	日均值/ (ug/m³)	来源
世界卫生组织	基准值	10	25	2005年《空气质量准则》
	过渡期目标1	35	75
	过渡期目标2	25	50
	过渡期目标3	15	37.5
中国	基准值	35	75	2016年《环境空气质量标准》

国家/ 组织	类别	年均值/ (ug/m³)	日均值/ (ug/m³)	来源
世界卫生组织	基准值	10	25	2005年《空气质量准则》
	过渡期目标1	35	75
	过渡期目标2	25	50
	过渡期目标3	15	37.5
中国	基准值	35	75	2016年《环境空气质量标准》

参数	年份
参数	2000	2007	2017
方位角/°	96.21	93.67	95.49
重心坐标	110.47°E 36.27°N	111.52°E 36.20°N	110.99°E 36.42°N
重心所在地区	延安市	临汾市	临汾市
椭圆面积/km²	678 241.62	668 703.80	741 952.36
长轴标准差/km	734.39	731.39	782.40
短轴标准差/km	294.01	291.07	301.90

参数	年份
参数	2000	2007	2017
方位角/°	96.21	93.67	95.49
重心坐标	110.47°E 36.27°N	111.52°E 36.20°N	110.99°E 36.42°N
重心所在地区	延安市	临汾市	临汾市
椭圆面积/km²	678 241.62	668 703.80	741 952.36
长轴标准差/km	734.39	731.39	782.40
短轴标准差/km	294.01	291.07	301.90

参数	影响因子
参数	人口密度	工业化水平	外商投资	公共交通	建成区面积	科技支出
q 值	0.76	0.49	0.35	0.34	0.34	0.27
p值	0.000	0.000	0.047	0.009	0.011	0.023