中国本土快餐业空间扩散过程及影响因素研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2022.01.2020191

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

快餐直营店的空间扩散是十分常见的经济现象，也是商业地理学研究的重要内容。以中国本土快餐企业老乡鸡直营店为研究对象，采用核密度分析、多距离空间聚类分析等研究方法与计量模型，总结了老乡鸡在不同时期的空间分布格局、空间扩散模式与集聚特征，进而分析了老乡鸡空间扩散的影响因素，研究结果表明：（1）2003年创立品牌至今，老乡鸡由合肥市的快餐企业发展为中国本土快餐业榜首企业，在不同发展阶段分别采取了深耕式、传染式、等级式及复合式等不同的空间扩散模式，空间扩散模式与路径转变的次序性内生于企业规模的演化；（2）老乡鸡门店呈现明显的空间集聚特征，其集聚强度与集聚规模伴随着不同阶段扩散模式的多样化而不断增强，集聚范围一般控制在200 km范围内，已由初期仅在合肥市内的单中心集聚向在安徽省内集聚转变，在长三角及周边地区扩散布局的态势十分明显；（3）城镇常住人口规模、人均可支配收入、社会消费品零售总额、原有门店数量等因素显著影响老乡鸡的空间扩散。在进入复合式扩散后，空间距离在老乡鸡空间扩散过程中的作用并不显著。

关键词: 老乡鸡, 本土快餐业, 空间扩散, 影响因素, 直营店

Abstract:

The spatial diffusion of fast-food direct-sale stores is a common economic phenomenon, and it is also an important content of commercial geography. Taking Chinese local fast-food enterprises "Home Original Chicken" direct-sale stores as the research object, this paper used the methods of nuclear density analysis, multi-distance spatial cluster analysis and econometric models to explore the spatial distribution, spatial diffusion patterns and agglomeration characteristics of "Home Original Chicken" direct-sale stores in different periods, and then the factors influencing the spatial diffusion were analyzed. The results show that: (1) Since 2003, the fast-food enterprises in Hefei have developed into top enterprises in Chinese local fast-food industry. At different stages, different spatial diffusion patterns such as deep tillage diffusion, contagions diffusion, hierarchical diffusion and comprehensive diffusion have been adopted. The evolution of enterprise size produces an orderly transformation of the spatial diffusion patterns and paths. (2) The spatial distribution shows obvious agglomeration characteristics. The agglomeration scale mainly concentrates in the range of 0 to 200 km, and its agglomeration intensity and agglomeration scale are continuously strengthened with the diffusion pattern diversification at different stages. It has shifted from the single-center agglomeration in Hefei to the agglomeration in Anhui Province. The diffusion in the Yangtze River Delta and surrounding areas has been obvious. (3) Urban resident population, per capita disposable income, total retail sales of social consumer goods and the number of established stores have a significant impact on the spatial diffusion. After the comprehensive diffusion, the effect of spatial distance on the spatial diffusion is not significant.

Key words: "Home Original Chicken", local fast-food industry, spatial diffusion, influencing factors, direct-sale stores

杨凯, 杨萍, 李瑞清, 韩会然. 中国本土快餐业空间扩散过程及影响因素研究[J]. 世界地理研究, 2022, 31(1): 142-153.

Kai YANG, Ping YANG, Ruiqing LI, Huiran HAN. Spatial diffusion and influencing factors of Chinese local fast-food industry ——A case study of "Home Original Chicken" direct-sale stores[J]. World Regional Studies, 2022, 31(1): 142-153.

图/表 8

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参数	时间段
参数	2003—2008	2009—2016	2017—2019
L(d)峰值	10.58	106.36	111.26
峰值距离/km	6.41	21.18	22.31

参数	时间段
参数	2003—2008	2009—2016	2017—2019
L(d)峰值	10.58	106.36	111.26
峰值距离/km	6.41	21.18	22.31

变量	具体变量		变量含义	预期影响
因变量	空间扩散结果	空间扩散结果Y	2017年以来各城市新增门店数量/个
解释变量	空间距离	与中央厨房的空间距离X₁	各城市与老乡鸡中央厨房间公路通勤的最短时间/分钟	-
	城市等级规模	市域城镇常住人口规模X₂	各城市市域城镇常住人口规模/人	+
	城市消费水平	人均可支配收入X₃	各城市城镇居民家庭人均可支配收入/元	+
		社会消费品零售总额X₄	各城市社会消费品零售总额/万元	+
	城市化经济	城镇化率X₅	各城市常住人口城镇化率/%	+
		三产比重X₆	各城市三产比重/%	+
	行业本底	原有门店数量X₇	2017年前各城市已有老乡鸡门店数量/个	+
		本行业从业人员数X₈	各城市本行业从业人员数/人	+
	劳动力成本	本行业职工平均年工资X₉	各城市行业职工平均年工资/元	-

变量	具体变量		变量含义	预期影响
因变量	空间扩散结果	空间扩散结果Y	2017年以来各城市新增门店数量/个
解释变量	空间距离	与中央厨房的空间距离X₁	各城市与老乡鸡中央厨房间公路通勤的最短时间/分钟	-
	城市等级规模	市域城镇常住人口规模X₂	各城市市域城镇常住人口规模/人	+
	城市消费水平	人均可支配收入X₃	各城市城镇居民家庭人均可支配收入/元	+
		社会消费品零售总额X₄	各城市社会消费品零售总额/万元	+
	城市化经济	城镇化率X₅	各城市常住人口城镇化率/%	+
		三产比重X₆	各城市三产比重/%	+
	行业本底	原有门店数量X₇	2017年前各城市已有老乡鸡门店数量/个	+
		本行业从业人员数X₈	各城市本行业从业人员数/人	+
	劳动力成本	本行业职工平均年工资X₉	各城市行业职工平均年工资/元	-

解释变量	系数
常数项与原材料供应地的空间距离X₁	99.512^* -0.085
市域城镇常住人口规模X₂	-2.936^***
人均可支配收入X₃	-0.65^*
社会消费品零售总额X₄	3.984^***
三产比重X₆	-0.254
原有门店数量X₇	0.575^***
本行业职工平均年工资X₉	0.201
调整后R²	0.719