Abstract: Based on the IPC-NAICS identification system from patent category to industry classification, and taking equipment manufacturing industry and information and communications industry as case, this paper compares and analyzes the differences in technological innovation capabilities between China and the United States in equipment manufacturing industry and information and communications industry. The study shows that: (1) The industry technological innovation capability of China's equipment manufacturing has rapidly improved, but it is significantly behind the United States in terms of the overall technological innovation capability of the equipment manufacturing industry and the technological innovation capabilities of the four sub-sectors of mechanical equipment, medical equipment, transportation equipment and electrical equipment. (2) The industry technological innovation capability of China's information and communications has caught up with the United States rapidly, especially in the communications equipment industry. However, the gap between China and the United States in the three sub-industries of computer, semiconductor and instrument measurement is still significant.

摘要： 中美竞争，关键在于科技竞争，核心依托在于产业技术创新。本文基于IPC- NAICS的从专利类别到产业分类的识别体系，以装备制造业和信息通信产业为例，对比分析了中美两国在装备制造业和信息通信产业上的技术创新能力差异。研究发现：（1）中国装备制造业技术创新能力快速提升，但无论是在装备制造业整体技术创新能力上，还是在机械设备、医疗设备、运输设备和电气设备四个子产业技术创新能力上皆显著落后于美国；（2）中国信息通信产业技术创新能力快速追赶美国，尤其在通信设备产业上已实现反超，但在计算机、半导体和仪器测量三个子产业上与美国的差距依然明显。