Evolution characteristics of international innovation cooperation network in Zhongguancun: Based on PCT patent analysis

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2024.08.20222185

Abstract

Abstract:

Science and technology parks are increasingly becoming the key carriers of international innovation cooperation. Revealing the evolution characteristics of the international innovation cooperation network of Zhongguancun has important reference value for Zhongguancun to formulate international innovation cooperation policies. Based on PCT patent cooperation data, using social network analysis and spatial analysis methods, this paper discussed the evolution characteristics of the international innovation cooperation network of Zhongguancun on the basis of clarifying its development process. The research findings are as follows: ①The international innovation cooperation network of Zhongguancun has experienced an evolutionary process from low-level to high-level development from initial establishment to rapid development and then to transformation and upgrading.②International innovation cooperation shows a spatial pattern of expansion before contraction. The United States has always been the main target of cooperation. Each sub-park in Zhongguancun has formed a core area with Chaoyang Park as the main area and Haidian Park and Shijingshan Park as the auxiliary areas. The spatial agglomeration structure mode of Chaoyang Park American cooperation has gradually emerged.③The number of international cooperation subjects is increasing in a fluctuating trend. The core position of local enterprises in the network is gradually strengthening. The core subjects of the network have changed from multinational giants to local leading enterprises and multinational companies for common development.④Image communication, wireless communication network and electronic digital data processing are the hot areas of international cooperation in Zhongguancun. Among them, cooperation with the United States in the field of image communication has increased, and cooperation with the United Kingdom in the field of electronic digital data processing has increased; cooperation with Japan mainly focuses on the field of wireless communication networks.

Key words: science park, international innovation cooperation network, Zhongguancun, evolutionary characteristics, PCT patent

摘要：

科技园正日益成为国际创新合作的重点载体，揭示中关村科技园国际创新合作网络的演化特征，对中关村制定国际创新合作政策具有重要参考价值。基于PCT专利合作数据，利用社会网络分析和空间分析方法，在明晰中关村科技园国际创新合作网络发展过程的基础上，探讨其演化特征。研究发现：①中关村科技园国际创新合作网络经历了从初步建立到迅速发展再到转型提升的由低级向高级发展的演化过程。②中关村科技园国际创新合作呈现先扩展后收缩的空间格局变化，美国始终是合作的主要对象。中关村各分园形成朝阳园为主、海淀园和石景山园为副的一主两副核心区，朝阳园-美国合作的空间集聚结构模式逐渐凸现。③中关村科技园国际合作主体数量呈波动增加趋势，本地企业在网络中的核心地位逐渐增强，网络核心主体由跨国公司巨头为主转向本地龙头企业和跨国公司共同发展。④图像通信、无线通信网络和电数字数据处理是当前中关村科技园国际合作的热点技术领域。其中，中关村与美国在图像通信领域合作增加，与英国在电数字数据处理领域合作较多，与日本的合作主要集中在无线通信网络领域。

关键词: 科技园, 国际创新合作网络, 中关村, 演化特征, PCT专利

Caiyun ZHAO, Lachang LYU. Evolution characteristics of international innovation cooperation network in Zhongguancun: Based on PCT patent analysis[J]. World Regional Studies, 2024, 33(8): 148-160.

赵彩云, 吕拉昌. 中关村科技园国际创新合作网络演化特征[J]. 世界地理研究, 2024, 33(8): 148-160.

Figures/Tables 9

Fig.1 Number of PCT patent cooperation and cooperation subjects in Zhongguancun from 1988 to 2020

Fig.2 Research framework for the evolution of Zhongguancun international innovation cooperation network

Fig.3 Spatial pattern change of international innovation cooperation network in Zhongguancun

Fig.4 Changes in the plane structure of the international innovation cooperation network in Zhongguancun's branches

Fig.5 Number of international innovation cooperation patents and changes in cooperation between parks in Zhongguancun

Fig.6 Changes in the subject types of international innovation cooperation in Zhongguancun

Tab.1 Top 10 partners of international innovation cooperation network in Zhongguancun

2000年		2010年		2020年
名称	度值	名称	度值	名称	度值
北京方正连宇通信技术有限公司	4	诺基亚公司	423	IBM公司	793
中国国家海洋局第三海洋研究所	3	英特尔公司	272	IBM（中国）投资有限公司	793
北京诺赛基因组研究中心有限公司	3	富士通有限公司	258	IBM英国有限公司	665
上海基康生物技术有限公司	3	爱立信公司	163	抖音视界（北京）有限公司	368
英特尔公司	1	诺基亚西门子通信公司	161	北京字节跳动科技有限公司	368
英特尔（中国）研究中心有限公司	1	三星电子有限公司	144	宝洁公司	190
英特尔（中国）研究中心有限公司	1	中国科学院微电子研究所	141	富士通有限公司	107
		壳牌国际研究公司	132	IBM德国有限公司	96
		惠普公司	131	联发科技股份有限公司	89
		美国汤姆逊公司	128	苹果公司	77

Fig.7 Changes in the technical field of the international innovation cooperation network in Zhongguancun

Fig.8 Technical field and national or regional changes of innovation cooperation network in Zhongguancun

References 21

1	FREEMAN C. Networks of innovators: A synthesis of research issues. Research Policy,1991,20(5):499-514.
2	柏露露,谢亚,管驰明. 中国境内国际合作园区发展与规划研究. 国际城市规划,2018,33(2):23-32.
	BAI L, XIE Y, GUAN C. Study on the development and planning of international cooperation parks in China. Urban Planning International,2018,33(2):23-32.
3	黄亮. 国际研发城市的特征、网络与形成机制研究. 上海:华东师范大学,2014.
	HUANG L. The study on the characteristics, network and formation mechanism of international R&D city. Shanghai: East China Normal University,2014.
4	傅首清. 区域创新网络与科技产业生态环境互动机制研究——以中关村海淀科技园区为例. 管理世界,2010(6):8-13.
	FU S. Study on the interaction mechanism between regional innovation network and ecological environment of science and technology industry: A case study of Haidian science and technology park in Zhongguancun. Journal of Management World,2010(6):8-13.
5	董微微. 中关村创新集群的演化过程剖析及启示——基于复杂网络视角. 工业技术经济,2014,33(11):16-20.
	DONG W. Research on the evolution of Zhongguancun innovation clusters from the view of the complex network. Journal of Industrial Technological Economics,2014,33(11):16-20.
6	胡海鹏,吕拉昌. 中关村产学研合作创新网络的时空演化. 中国科技论坛,2018(12):52-59.
	HU H, LYU L. The time and space evolution of Zhongguancun innovation network of industry-university-research institute cooperation. Forum on Science and Technology in China,2018(12):52-59.
7	LYU L, WU W, HU H, et al. An evolving regional innovation network: Collaboration among industry, university, and research institution in China's first technology hub. The Journal of Technology Transfer,2019,44(3):659-680.
8	GUAN J, XU J, HAN Y, et al. Feature and tendency of technology transfer in Z-Park patent cooperation network: From the perspective of global optimal path. Journal of Data and Information Science,2021,6(4):111-138.
9	TRUNINA A, LIU X, CHEN J. Small and medium technology enterprises in Zhongguancun and Silicon Valley: Regional innovation system approach. Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management,2018,10(1):35-57.
10	孙兵兵. 中关村科技园创新国际化模式与对策研究. 北京:北京理工大学, 2015.
	SUN B. The mode and strategy of innovation internationalization of Zhongguancun Park. Beijing: Beijing Institute of Technology,2015.
11	赵彦云,申晓玲,杨宏亮,等. 中关村科技园区国际竞争力研究. 管理世界,2001(4):180-187.
	ZHAO Y, SHEN X, YANG H, et al. Research on the international competitiveness of Zhongguancun Park. Journal of Management World,2001(4):180-187.
12	焦美琪,杜德斌,桂钦昌,等. 全球城市技术合作网络的拓扑结构特征与空间格局. 地理科学,2019,39(10):1546-1552.
	JIAO M, DU D, GUI Q, et al. The topology structure and spatial pattern of global city technical cooperation network. Scientia Geographica Sinica,2019,39(10):1546-1552.
13	郑栋,朱春奎,陈玉龙. 中国在国际创新合作网络中的地位和角色——基于2011—2015年国际专利合作的实证研究. 科技管理研究,2019,39(2):194-202.
	ZHENG D, ZHU C, CHEN Y. The status and role of China in the global innovation cooperation network: An empirical study based on international patent cooperation from 2011 to 2015. Science and Technology Management Research,2019,39(2):194-202.
14	江依妮,朱春奎. 金砖国家在国际创新合作网络中的地位和角色研究——基于2011—2015年国际合作专利和论文数据的实证研究. 技术经济,2020,39(2):114-124.
	JIANG Y, ZHU C. The status and role of brics in international innovation cooperation network. Journal of Technology Economics,2020,39(2):114-124.
15	席强敏,李国平,孙瑜康,等. 京津冀科技合作网络的演变特征及影响因素. 地理学报,2022,77(6):1359-1373.
	XI Q, LI G, SUN Y, et al. Evolutionary characteristics of science and technology cooperation network of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and its influencing factors. Acta Geographica Sinica,2022,77(6):1359-1373.
16	曹湛,戴靓,吴康,等. 全球城市知识合作网络演化的结构特征与驱动因素. 地理研究,2022,41(4):1072-1091.
	CAO Z, DAI L, WU K, et al. Structural features and driving factors of the evolution of the global interurban knowledge collaboration network. Geographical Research,2022,41(4):1072-1091.
17	沈泽洲,王承云.上海参与全球科技创新网络地位研究——基于WIPO专利合作数据.世界地理研究,2023,32(2):93-103.
	SHEN Z, WANG C. Shanghai's position in global science and technology innovation network--Based on WIPO patent cooperation data.World Regional Studies,2023,32(2):93-103.
18	张凯煌,千庆兰. 中国新能源汽车产业创新网络特征及其多维邻近性成因. 地理研究,2021,40(8):2170-2187.
	ZHANG K, QIAN Q. Characteristics and proximities mechanism of China's new energy vehicle industry innovation network. Geographical Research,2021,40(8):2170-2187.
19	刘晔,王晓歌,管靖,等. 1990—2015年亚洲内部人口迁移格局及影响因素. 地理学报,2022,77(10):2409-2425.
	LIU Y, WANG X, GUAN J, et al. Spatial pattern and determinants of international migration flows in Asia, 1990-2015. Acta Geographica Sinica,2022,77(10):2409-2425.
20	刘传铁. 科技园区创新性品格:高新区体制机制创新研究. 北京:人民出版社, 2010.
	LIU C. Innovative Character of Science and Technology Parks: Research on the Innovation of System and Mechanism in High-tech Zones. Beijing: People's Publishing House, 2010.
21	赵璞,林文,姜天润,等. 基于专利分析的我国太阳能光伏领域核心技术识别及演化研究. 科技管理研究,2022,42(2):184-191.
	ZHAO P, LIN W, JIANG T, et al. Research on identification and evolution of core technologies in solar photovoltaic field in China based on patent analysis. Science and Technology Management Research,2022,42(2):184-191.