Abstract:

On March 10, 2023, Saudi Arabia and Iran issued a joint statement in Beijing, announcing an agreement to restore diplomatic relations between the two countries, marking the resumption of normal diplomatic relations between the two countries. As two major powers in the Middle East, the two countries have been at odds for a long time. Saudi Arabia's promotion of reconciliation with Iran at this time is not only due to China's mediation between the two countries, but also inseparable from its own hedging strategy. In the context of the strengthening trend of multipolarity in the world, changes in Saudi Arabia-US relations, and increased demands for interests, Saudi Arabia has adjusted its diplomatic strategy and adopted a more flexible hedging strategy than checks and balances and following. This reconciliation with Iran is the practical application of Saudi Arabia's hedging strategy. Through this settlement, Saudi Arabia has introduced the influence of Iran and China to hedge against pressure from other regional powers and dependence on the United States. However, there are still constraints in the implementation of Saudi Arabia's hedging strategy, such as the difficult resolution of the Saudi Arabian conflict, restrictions from the United States, and the game of major powers, which will continue to pose challenges to the Saudi Arabian reconciliation process.

Key words: hedging strategy, reconciliation between Saudi Arabia and Iran, international system, threat perception, national interests

摘要：

2023年3月，沙特阿拉伯和伊朗在北京发表联合声明，宣布达成恢复双方外交关系的协议，两国中断多年的外交关系走向正常化。作为中东地区具有重要影响的两个大国，沙伊双方结怨已久。沙特在此时推动与伊朗的和解，既得益于中国在两国之间的积极斡旋，也离不开其自身奉行的对冲战略的影响。在世界多极化趋势加强、沙美关系发生变化、各方利益诉求增加的情况下，近年来，沙特对其地缘战略进行了调整，采取了比单一制衡和追随更为灵活的对冲战略。通过对伊和解，沙特积极引入伊朗和中国的影响，既摆脱了长期以来外交上对美国的过度依赖，又有效平衡了其他地区大国的压力，最大程度地降低了地区风险。从长期来看，虽然沙伊和解为中东地区带来了和解潮，但目前沙特对冲战略的实施还存在着沙伊深层矛盾难解、美国限制、大国博弈等制约因素，未来将对沙伊和解的持续进程带来挑战。

关键词: 对冲战略, 沙伊和解, 国际体系, 威胁认知, 国家利益