Distribution characteristics of basic educational facilities in metropolitan suburbs: A case study of Changping District in Beijing

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2025.11.20240303

Abstract

Abstract:

Promoting the construction of suburban basic public education service system is of great importance to solve the problem of unbalanced educational development and to build a high-quality education system in suburban areas of metropolises. This study took public primary and secondary schools in Changping District of Beijing as the research object, took into account different modes of transportation to measure regional differences in basic education facilities in terms of spatial parity, geographic justice, and social equity. The spatial coverage was measured by domain model, the supply and demand matching pattern was simulated by the Huff model and the service quality characteristics were explored based on a large-scale community satisfaction survey conducted in Beijing City Health Examination Project. The results are as follows.① Basic public education facilities are concentrated in the center of the new city and the southeastern suburbs, with insufficient coverage in the western and northeastern regions; ② Supply shortages and over-allocations coexist. The center and the southeastern suburbs form a belt-shaped "crowded zone" under the circumstance of near-school enrollment, while the western and northeastern regions are supplied with surpluses; ③ Elementary schools are better constructed than secondary schools, and the problem of insufficient school places is more serious than that of secondary schools. ④ The upgrading of the transportation network and the adoption of mixed modes of transportation can effectively share the travel costs of residents. This study is of great theoretical and practical value for the future improvement of basic public education facilities, and can also provide a scientific basis and a practical model for the coordinated development planning in the metropolis suburbs in the future.

Key words: metropolitan suburbs, basic educational facilities, domain model, Huff model, Changping district

摘要：

推进郊区基本公共教育服务建设，是解决大都市城郊教育发展不平衡问题、建设高质量教育体系的重要抓手。以北京昌平区公办中小学为研究对象，结合主客观视角，考虑不同出行方式，采用领域模型衡量空间覆盖状况、利用Huff模型模拟供需匹配格局、探索基于城市体检数据挖掘服务质量特征，并从空间均等、地域公正和社会公平三个方面衡量基础教育设施的区域差异。研究发现：①基础教育设施集中于新城中心、东南近郊两大区域，西部和东北地区覆盖不足；②供给短缺与超配的现象并存，在就近入学情境下，区县中心、东南近郊形成带状“就学拥挤区”，而西部和东北地区供给盈余；③小学整体建设优于中学，学位不足问题仍普遍存在；④交通路网升级与多模式出行有助于降低居民出行成本，促进基础教育设施的空间公平。本文可为未来完善大都市基础教育设施空间布局和城郊协调发展规划提供理论参考和实践范式。

关键词: 大都市郊区, 基础教育设施, 领域模型, Huff模型, 昌平区

Binghong LI, Qingfang LIU, Yu ZHAO, Jinping SONG. Distribution characteristics of basic educational facilities in metropolitan suburbs: A case study of Changping District in Beijing[J]. World Regional Studies, 2025, 34(11): 169-180.

李柄泓, 刘庆芳, 赵育, 宋金平. 大都市郊区基础教育设施空间分布特征研究[J]. 世界地理研究, 2025, 34(11): 169-180.

Figures/Tables 10

Fig. 1 The regional division and basic educational facilities in Changping District

Tab. 1 Fundamental features of urban residents' physical examination data in Changping district

变量		中心区域		东南区域
变量		人数	比例 /%	人数	比例 /%
性别	男	52	37.14	47	35.88
性别	女	88	62.86	84	64.12
年龄	35岁以下	18	12.86	15	11.45
	35~45岁	93	66.43	83	63.36
	46~60岁	28	20.00	26	19.84
	60岁以上	1	0.71	7	5.34
受教育程度	小学及以下	1	0.71	1	0.76
	初中及高中	13	9.29	11	8.40
	大学专科	56	40.00	37	28.24
	大学本科	66	47.14	68	51.91
	研究生及以上	4	2.86	14	10.69
家庭年收入	5万元以下	14	10.00	10	7.63
	5万~10万元	48	34.29	31	23.66
	10万~20万元	54	38.57	46	35.11
	20万~50万元	18	12.86	39	29.77
	50万元以上	6	4.29	5	3.82
户口情况	本地出生，本地户籍	112	80.00	74	56.49
	外地户口	12	8.57	16	12.21
	外地出生，成年后获得本地户口	15	10.71	40	30.53
	外国籍	1	0.71	1	0.76

Fig. 2 Coverage of basic educational facilities under different domain models

Tab. 2 Coverage area of basic educational facilities, proportion of residential areas and school-age population under different domain models

分析方法		覆盖面积比例/%	覆盖居住点比例/%	覆盖学龄人口比例/%
Voronoi多边形		100.00	100.00	100.00
缓冲区/m	500	3.85	31.10	30.90
	1000	13.08	64.61	69.20
	1500	24.84	82.44	86.72
	2000	37.10	91.15	95.79
	2500	48.35	96.25	98.21
	3000	58.01	99.06	99.77
步行时间/min	5	0.64	4.96	2.46
	10	2.52	24.66	27.67
	15	5.63	39.68	40.67
	30	20.09	77.21	85.51
	40	31.18	88.87	95.03
加权时间/min	5	1.69	17.16	16.96
	10	6.63	45.17	50.02
	15	13.67	64.34	71.59
	30	41.09	94.10	98.49
	40	52.60	99.33	99.96

Fig. 3 Number of students covered by each basic educational facilities under different domain models

Tab. 3 Correlation between the number of potential students and students in school, the number of potential students within a certain threshold and students in school

范围	距离 $β = 1$	距离 $β = 2$	步行 $β = 1$	步行 $β = 2$	加权 $β = 1$	加权 $β = 2$
全域	0.874^**	0.713^**	0.874^**	0.713^**	0.876^**	0.714^**
一定阈值内	0.747^**	0.637^**	0.743^**	0.634^**	0.756^**	0.655^**

Tab. 3 Correlation between the number of potential students and students in school, the number of potential students within a certain threshold and students in school

范围	距离 $β = 1$	距离 $β = 2$	步行 $β = 1$	步行 $β = 2$	加权 $β = 1$	加权 $β = 2$
全域	0.874^**	0.713^**	0.874^**	0.713^**	0.876^**	0.714^**
一定阈值内	0.747^**	0.637^**	0.743^**	0.634^**	0.756^**	0.655^**

Fig. 4 Number of potential students at each basic education facility under the Huff model

Fig. 5 The difference between supply and demand in different streets under different coefficients

Fig. 6 Potential student source allocation under the nearby enrollment scenario

Fig. 7 Percentage of various problems in primary and secondary schools as perceived by residents in central and southeastern areas

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