Abstract:

While existing research has extensively investigated the causes of tourism safety accidents from the perspective of safety management theory, the factors related to spatial and temporal features of tourism activities have not been paid enough attention to. What's more, most of the prior research is conducted based on macro quantitative measurement, but the in-depth case study is quite limited. Starting from three factors: tourism site characteristics, usual non-footprint environment, and mobility, this paper analyzes the space-time scene features of 84 safety accidents of Chinese tourists in Thailand from 2009 to 2019, providing a supplementary explanation from geography for the prevention and control of tourism safety accidents. The results show that: firstly, the basic types and harm degree of tourism safety accidents are highly affected by the risk characteristics of the geographical environment, which are not only derived from the management problems. The climate characteristics of heavy rainfall in summer and the terrain characteristics of mountainous areas in Thailand significantly plague the water-related tourism activities and land and water transportation activities, resulting in a high incidence of boat traffic accidents, mountain traffic accidents, and beach drowning accidents. Secondly, the cognitive bias caused by the usual non-footprint environment such as: highways, beach swimming pools, hotels, convenience stores, is an important factor to trigger safety accidents. Due to the large social and cultural differences between China and Thailand, the usual non-footprint environment can easily lead to risk perception bias for tourists, which in turn increases the error of behavioral decision-making, thereby increasing safety risks. Thirdly, spaces with high mobility are also the scenes where safety accidents occur frequently, such as traffic road and sea routes. The contribution of this paper is to provide supplementary explanations from geography for the causes of tourism safety accidents, and fully reveal the influence of the complexity of the geographical environment on tourism safety management and the individual's risk perception bias, which has a positive reference value for reducing the risk of tourism travel.

Key words: travel to Thailand, tourism safety accidents, temporal and spatial factors, usual non-footprint environment, special mobility

摘要：

学界对旅游安全事故成因的分析主要借鉴安全管理学，旅游活动的地理时空特殊性未受到充分重视，已有相关研究偏宏观定量测度，深度案例研究较少。从旅游场地特征、惯常非足迹环境和流动性三个因素入手，对2009—2019年共84起赴泰游客安全事故进行时空场景特征解析，为旅游安全事故防控提供了来自地理学的补充解释。研究发现：第一，旅游安全事故的类型与危害程度受到目的地客观地理环境特征的高度影响，而并非是单纯的管理问题。泰国夏季多暴雨的气候特征与多山地的地形特征显著影响了涉水旅游活动以及水陆交通活动，导致船艇交通事故、山区车祸与沙滩溺亡事故高发。第二，旅游目的地中存在的惯常非足迹环境场所容易触发安全事故，如：公路、沙滩泳场、酒店、便利店等。由于中泰社会与文化差异较大，惯常非足迹环境容易导致游客产生风险认知偏差，进而提高了行为决策的出错率，从而增加了安全风险。第三，空间流动性越高的场所，安全事故发生的概率越高，如交通道路和海域航线等地。本文的贡献在于揭示了地理环境复杂性对旅游安全管理与主体风险认知偏差的影响。

关键词: 赴泰旅游, 旅游安全事故, 时空因素, 惯常非足迹环境, 流动性