主管单位:中国科学技术协会
主办单位:中国地理学会
承办单位:华东师范大学

World Regional Studies ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (7): 67-79.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2026.07.20250283

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Multidimensional evaluation and barrier diagnosis of national innovation ecosystems under global competition: From the perspective of ecological niche

Guoping ZHANG1(), Wei WU2(), Jingwen ZHOU2, Neng SHEN2   

  1. 1.School of Public Administration and Policy, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai 200433, China
    2.School of Economics and Management, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
  • Received:2025-04-21 Revised:2025-10-23 Online:2026-07-15 Published:2026-07-24
  • Contact: Wei WU

全球竞争格局下国家创新生态系统的多维评价与障碍诊断——基于生态位的视角

张国平1(), 吴威2(), 周静雯2, 沈能2   

  1. 1.上海财经大学公共管理学院,上海 200433
    2.福州大学经济与管理学院,福州 350108
  • 通讯作者: 吴威
  • 作者简介:张国平(1999—),男,博士研究生,研究方向为创新生态,E-mail:zgp27182@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家社科基金后期资助项目(24FGLB059);教育部人文社科研究项目(22YJA630071)

Abstract:

In the context of global competition, a well-functioning national innovation ecosystem (NIE) serves as a critical driver for enhancing a country's comprehensive strength. This study constructed an evaluation system grounded in ecological niche theory. It applied the niche status, niche width and niche suitability model to assess the innovation ecosystems of major countries from 2006 to 2021 and diagnosed key obstacles affecting their development. The findings indicate that: ① China's niche status improved from poor to moderate, its niche width expanded significantly from an occasional to a companion species role, and substantial potential remains for further evolution in niche suitability.②The overall composite innovation niche of leading countries demonstrated steady growth, with the average value increasing from 0.22 in 2006 to 0.30 in 2021. The United States, Switzerland, Denmark, and Germany consistently ranked among the top performers, while China placed 13th in 2021, reflecting a combination of achievements and challenges in its innovation ecosystem development.③Technology and population niches represent the most significant criterion-level obstacles to global innovation advancement, whereas intellectual property protection, network communication capacity, and high-end patent applications constitute the primary index-level constraints within China's innovation ecology. Finally, this study proposes a series of feasible solutions for China's innovation ecological governance.

Key words: national innovation ecosystem, niche theory, niche model, niche indicators, barrier diagnosis

摘要:

在全球竞争不断加剧的背景下,创新生态系统的良好运行是增强国家综合实力的重要支撑。基于此,本研究构建了一套基于生态位理论的评价体系,使用生态位态势、宽度和适宜度模型,综合评估了2006—2021年全球核心国家的创新生态系统,并对其进行障碍度分析。研究结果表明:①中国生态位态势从态势较差提升到态势一般,生态位宽度从偶见种角色跨越到伴生种角色,生态位适宜度仍具较大优化空间。②主要国家的创新生态综合生态位整体稳步提升,其均值从2006年的0.22上升到2021年的0.30。其中美国、瑞士、丹麦和德国的生态位排名居于前列,而中国在2021年的排名为第13名,表明创新生态建设成效与短板并存。③技术与种群生态位成为制约全球创新发展的最大准则层障碍,而知识产权、网络通信与高端专利技术也成为中国创新生态系统主要指标层的桎梏。最后,本研究对中国创新生态治理提出一系列可行性建议。

关键词: 国家创新生态系统, 生态位理论, 生态位模型, 生态位指标, 障碍度诊断