Abstract:

Political ecology has been firmly established as a core filed for human geographers to interrogate the dynamic and dialectic relationships between human and environment. As an offshoot of political ecology, urban political ecology has witnessed a raid progress in recent two decades as well. Unfortunately, a promising research filed as important as such has not yet drawn its due attention from Chinese human geographers. This paper offers a systematic review of the theoretical lineage, analytical approaches, theoretical concerns, and research progress of urban political ecology in the Anglophone literature. The approach of urban political ecology has abstained from the socio-natural dichotomy that has dominated the environmental theory and practice during the 20^th century. Rooted in neo-Marxist urban geography, it has rejected the the divisions of society/nature and urban/nature and re-conceptualized cities as socio-natural hybrids. It is critical of both cities as a missing element in conventional political ecology studies and the ignorance of environment in urban studies. It foregrounds the political nature of the processes that produce particular socio-ecological changes and the importance of untangling the political economic, socio-cultural, and power relationships that are constantly shaping and shaped by the socio-ecological transformations. Urban political ecology in the past five years is expanding to include post-structural, postcolonial theories; is increasingly attentive to socio-ecological changes in the Global South; is seeing emerging debates centering around issues of planetary urbanization, methodological cityism, site multiple approach.

Key words: (urban) political ecology, socio-nature hybrids, socio-ecological changes, urbanization of nature, political-economic process

摘要：

政治生态学是西方人文政治地理研究人与自然/环境互动的辩证关系的核心领域。城市政治生态学作为政治生态学的衍生分支同样经历了二十年快速的发展，这一领域尚未获得中国人文地理学界的系统关注。本文对西方文献中城市政治生态学的理论发展、研究议题以及近期前沿的学术争论和理论拓展进行了系统梳理与探讨。政治生态学分析方法批判和克服了技术专家治国论、新马尔萨斯主义、增长的极限等非政治视角的环境生态解释。理论溯源于新马克思主义城市地理学的城市政治生态学，继承了政治生态学的政治视角，但同时对政治生态学和城市研究两个领域中的自然/社会的二元对立提出了批判，以社会-生态混合体为理论出发点，打破并超越了城市-自然的对立和二元划分，通过研究自然的生产、循环与新陈代谢，将城市概念化为动态变化的社会-生态混合体，并揭露了城市环境的生产和社会-生态演化过程本质上是一个政治过程，突出强调了社会-生态混合体演化变迁过程的政治经济学、政治过程、权力关系的分析对于理解不平等的城市环境的核心作用。近5年来，城市政治生态学研究在后结构主义理论启发下扩展了经典马克思主义城市政治生态学，拓展了理论溯源，丰富了对城市环境和生态的解释，并产生了一系列围绕方法论上的城市主义、星球城市化、多地点方法论等的前沿学术批判与争论。

关键词: （城市）政治生态学, 社会-生态混合体, 自然的城市化, 政治经济, 权力关系