Abstract:

This paper analyzes how the migration industry chain shapes transnational labor migration. Specifically, using the Philippines, a major labor-exporting country, as a case study, and based on the concept of the migration industry, the paper systematically analyzes the history and characteristics of Filipino labor migration. It examines how the types, migration trajectories, and patterns of Filipino migrant workers, as well as their circumstances, are influenced and shaped by the export model. These are shaped through the interactions of multiple actors, driven by profit-seeking and labor protection goals. The findings reveal that: ①The Philippine government, recruitment agencies, and education/training institutions are key actors in the Philippine migration industry. The relationships between these three actors involve regulation and being regulated, as well as a collaborative win-win dynamic. Together, they promote and sustain the cross-border flow of Filipino labor in pursuit of the core economic goals of migration. ②The industrialized labor export model has given Filipino migrant workers strong mobility; however, they are a group that is produced and standardized. Their migration patterns, spatial distribution of overseas employment destinations, occupational types, and living conditions are shaped by multiple actors in the migration industry chain, influenced by the profit-driven goals of these actors. ③The governance of transnational labor migration should transcend national borders, focusing on the multiple stakeholders involved in the migration process, and emphasizing communication and collaboration between these diverse actors and governments across nations and regions.

Key words: the Philippines, transnational labor migration, migration industry, transnational labour export

摘要：

本文分析了移民产业链条对跨国劳工移民的塑造作用。具体而言，本文以国际上主要的劳动力输出国菲律宾为例，基于移民产业概念，通过对菲律宾劳动力跨国输出历程与特征的系统分析，透视了相关行动者对跨国劳工移民类型、迁移轨迹与模式及其境遇的影响与形塑。研究发现：①菲律宾政府、中介和教育/培训机构是构成菲律宾移民产业的关键行动者，三个行动者之间是管制与被管制以及协作共赢的关系，三个行动者在以促进移民经济的发展为核心目标下共同促进、维系了菲律宾劳动力的跨境流动；②产业化的劳动力输出模式赋予了菲律宾劳工移民较强的流动性，但他们却是被生产、被模式化的群体，其迁移模式、海外就业地的空间分布、职业类型以及生存状态是移民产业链条上的多元行动者在以逐利为根本目标的影响下塑造的；③跨国劳工移民的治理应超越国家和边界，关注跨国移民迁移过程中所涉及的多元主体，注重跨国、跨地区的多元主体与政府间的沟通与协作。

关键词: 菲律宾, 跨国劳工移民, 移民产业, 劳动力跨国输出