主管单位:中国科学技术协会
主办单位:中国地理学会
承办单位:华东师范大学

World Regional Studies ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (2): 47-64.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2026.02.20241088

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The evolution and mechanism of global energy trade network

Qi SUO(), Xinying ZHANG(), Xiangjun SONG   

  1. School of Economics and Management, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China
  • Received:2024-12-09 Revised:2025-06-03 Online:2026-02-15 Published:2026-02-27
  • Contact: Xinying ZHANG

全球能源贸易网络格局演化与机制分析

索琪(), 张新颖(), 宋湘君   

  1. 青岛科技大学经济与管理学院,青岛 266061
  • 通讯作者: 张新颖
  • 作者简介:索琪(1980—),女,教授,博士,研究方向为供应链产业链韧性,E-mail:suoqi1980@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    山东省自然科学基金面上项目(ZR2023MG059);国家社会科学基金一般项目(24BGL278)

Abstract:

As the core driving force of global economic activities, the supply and demand pattern and flow pattern in the transformation process of energy have an important impact on the economic growth and social stability of various countries. An in-depth analysis of the structural characteristics of the global energy trade network and its differentiated driving mechanism is helpful to understand the evolution of the global energy trade. Using the social network analysis method, this paper systematically deconstructs the evolution of global fossil energy and renewable energy trade network from 2012 to 2021. This paper empirically examines the influence mechanism of trade networks and its relative importance by means of the Stochastic Actor-Oriented Model. The results show that although fossil energy is still dominant, its demand growth has gradually slowed down. Demand for renewable energy is on the rise. There are differences in the structure of the two types of energy trade networks. The core economies of the fossil energy trade network are relatively stable, but trade relations are volatile. The renewable energy trade network presents a higher reciprocity and small-world characteristics. The main trade core includes the Middle East region, the United States, China, Germany, Japan and other economies, while the import market is highly concentrated in developed economies. Further analysis shows that the fossil energy trade network is mainly driven by exogenous attributes. On the other hand, the renewable energy trade network shows a balance between endogenous structural factors and exogenous attribute factors, in which the output effect, carbon dioxide emission, economic development level and other factors play an important role. Based on this, it is recommended to effectively respond to the challenges of the global energy market by deepening the trade network effect, implementing energy import diversification, accelerating green transformation, and expanding export markets in order to promote the sustainable development of energy trade.

Key words: global energy trade network, fossil energy, renewable energy, Stochastic Actor-Oriented Model

摘要:

能源作为全球经济活动的核心驱动力,其转型过程中的供需格局与流动模式对各国经济增长与社会稳定具有重要影响。深入分析全球能源贸易网络的结构特征及其差异化驱动机制,有助于理解全球能源贸易的演变态势。本文运用社会网络分析方法,系统解构2012—2021年全球范围内的化石能源与可再生能源的贸易网络结构特征,并借助随机行动者导向模型,实证检验两类能源贸易网络演化的影响机制及其相对重要性。尽管化石能源仍占据主导地位,但对其需求的增长逐渐放缓,而可再生能源需求呈上升趋势。两类能源贸易网络结构存在差异,化石能源贸易网络的核心经济体相对稳定,而贸易关系波动性较大;可再生能源贸易网络则呈现出更高的互惠性与小世界特征。能源贸易围绕中东地区、美国、中国、德国、日本等核心经济体展开,而进口市场则集中于发达经济体。两类网络呈现出差异化驱动机制,化石能源贸易网络以外生属性因素驱动为主,而可再生能源贸易网络则受内生结构因素与外生属性因素的均衡影响。据此,本文建议通过深化贸易网络效应、实施能源进口多元化、加速绿色转型、扩大出口市场等措施,有效应对全球能源市场挑战,进而促进全球能源贸易的可持续发展。

关键词: 全球能源贸易网络, 化石能源, 可再生能源, 随机行动者导向模型