Progress in contemporary international migration entrepreneurship

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2020.03.2019005

Abstract

Abstract:

The immigrant entrepreneurship is an important topic in the study of economic geography. The study of the immigrant entrepreneurial activities is a key dimension to interpret the social activities of immigrant groups and the formation of immigrant culture. And immigrant entrepreneurial activities have drawn continuous and in-depth studies. Based on the use of Citespace software, and utilizing data on the Web of Science between the year of 1991 and 2018, this paper analyzes the historical context and progress of the immigrant entrepreneurship research from four aspects, including the concept and connotation, research trends , research frontiers and evolution, and future research possibilities of the international immigrant entrepreneurship. The study finds that, 1) the United States and the United Kingdom play important role in immigrant entrepreneurship. 2) Regional millieu, global city, and ethnic self-employment are the three most studied clusters in immigrant entrepreneurship research.3) The most frequent keyword is entrepreneurship, and the most closely contact words with the entrepreneurship are performance, employment and organization, reflecting that researchers have great interests on the study of economic benefits of entrepreneurship, on the other hand, it shows that for now immigrant entrepreneurship research is mostly about low-end immigrant groups. As time goes on, the focus of the immigrant entrepreneurship research becomes more open and diversified.

Key words: international immigration, immigrant entrepreneurship, immigration theory

摘要：

移民创业活动是经济地理学研究中一个重要主题。创业是一种经济活动，但不同群体的创业活动蕴含着不同文化内涵和行为选择。移民创业的研究是解读移民群体社会与文化形成的一个关键的维度。移民群体具有明显的边界，其内部的空间秩序、社会网络、族裔文化以及共同的身份认同都是值得探讨话题，因此学界对移民创业活动给予了持续的关注。移民活动日益频繁，所涉及的行业地域日益扩大，对移民创业群体的研究有利于促进区域经济发展、了解全球政治网络，沟通地理学与社会学和经济学的研究融合，是经济地理学研究中值得关注的问题。本文基于Citespace软件，运用文献分析法，从国际移民创业概念内涵阐述、研究动态、研究前沿及演变、未来研究可能四个方面出发，阐述移民创业研究的历史脉络及进展。研究发现美国和英国在移民创业中占有重要地位。区域创业环境是研究者们主要关注的话题，与创业联系最为紧密的是绩效（0.28）、自雇佣（0.17）和组织（0.17）等关键词研究。全球化趋势不可逆转，跨国主义日趋强盛，未来关于移民及移民创业的研究大有可期。

关键词: 国际移民, 移民创业, 移民理论

Jiarui YANG, Wenying FU. Progress in contemporary international migration entrepreneurship[J]. World Regional Studies, 2020, 29(3): 480-490.

杨家蕊, 符文颖. 当代国际移民创业研究进展[J]. 世界地理研究, 2020, 29(3): 480-490.

Figures/Tables 4

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概念类型	概念内涵	移民与创业的关系	创业识别	代表文献
驱动力	驱动力对移民创业活动的形成起主导作用	生存型创业：无法进入当地就业市场，为满足生存需求被迫创业；机会型创业：在移民地发现商机，主动进行创业	障碍理论、就业市场、制度分歧、机会识别、商机	李邦海^[23] 林胜,赵姮^[24]
源地	以移民来源地作为区分移民创业的标准	低端移民创业：欠发达地区的移民在发达地区创业；高端移民创业：发达地区的移民在欠发达地区进行创业活动	发达地区、欠发达地区、企业类型	周雯婷,刘云刚^[25]
资本流动	用跨国流动的移民所拥有的资本类型来界定移民创业	少数民族企业家：移民国当地市场为目标；跨国移民企业家：在移民国建立企业，与母国交流密切，资本流动频繁	资本流动、族裔经济、跨境活动、情感动机、传统企业、	Min P G ^[26] RazinE^[27] Chand M^[28]
企业家精神	是否以创新为核心经营移民企业	经营性创业：移民企业家以某一区域为重心，自上而下、由内至外进行企业扩张；创新型创业：具有创新精神，结构上具有跨国性，自下而上、由外及内的进行企业经营扩张	企业家精神、移民飞地、创新精神	刘宏^[29] Yurong W ^[30]

概念类型	概念内涵	移民与创业的关系	创业识别	代表文献
驱动力	驱动力对移民创业活动的形成起主导作用	生存型创业：无法进入当地就业市场，为满足生存需求被迫创业；机会型创业：在移民地发现商机，主动进行创业	障碍理论、就业市场、制度分歧、机会识别、商机	李邦海^[23] 林胜,赵姮^[24]
源地	以移民来源地作为区分移民创业的标准	低端移民创业：欠发达地区的移民在发达地区创业；高端移民创业：发达地区的移民在欠发达地区进行创业活动	发达地区、欠发达地区、企业类型	周雯婷,刘云刚^[25]
资本流动	用跨国流动的移民所拥有的资本类型来界定移民创业	少数民族企业家：移民国当地市场为目标；跨国移民企业家：在移民国建立企业，与母国交流密切，资本流动频繁	资本流动、族裔经济、跨境活动、情感动机、传统企业、	Min P G ^[26] RazinE^[27] Chand M^[28]
企业家精神	是否以创新为核心经营移民企业	经营性创业：移民企业家以某一区域为重心，自上而下、由内至外进行企业扩张；创新型创业：具有创新精神，结构上具有跨国性，自下而上、由外及内的进行企业经营扩张	企业家精神、移民飞地、创新精神	刘宏^[29] Yurong W ^[30]

排名	关键词	频率	中心度	排名	关键词	频率	中心度
1	entrepreneurship	780	0.37	11	growth	279	0.07
2	performance	497	0.28	12	firm	247	0.09
3	united states	476	0.09	13	organization	239	0.17
4	migration	402	0.13	14	business	238	0.04
5	gender	353	0.14	15	model	225	0.11
6	self-employment	350	0.17	16	labor market	197	0.08
7	immigrant	328	0.12	17	immigration	192	0.06
8	network	318	0.13	18	determinant	174	0.01
9	perspective	309	0.13	19	management	171	0.02
10	innovation	288	0.05	20	work	165	0.11

排名	关键词	频率	中心度	排名	关键词	频率	中心度
1	entrepreneurship	780	0.37	11	growth	279	0.07
2	performance	497	0.28	12	firm	247	0.09
3	united states	476	0.09	13	organization	239	0.17
4	migration	402	0.13	14	business	238	0.04
5	gender	353	0.14	15	model	225	0.11
6	self-employment	350	0.17	16	labor market	197	0.08
7	immigrant	328	0.12	17	immigration	192	0.06
8	network	318	0.13	18	determinant	174	0.01
9	perspective	309	0.13	19	management	171	0.02
10	innovation	288	0.05	20	work	165	0.11