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15 April 2023, Volume 32 Issue 4 Previous Issue   

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Analysis of the development processes and dynamics of six major cities in Central Asia in the context of globalization Haitao MA, Liyan CAI, Jinkun YANG, Shengnan WANG, Haiwen OUYANG, Jiahui HU, Shengnan YANG 2023, 32(4): 1-13.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.04.2021892 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1513KB) ( )   This paper examines the growth processes of six major cities in Central Asia since independence from the perspectives of population, land use, economy, and society. It also discusses the factors that have influenced the growth of six major cities from the perspective of internal and external dynamics. The analysis is based on statistical data and field research. The following are the primary conclusions: (1) Six major cities have developed rapidly after the independence, which is manifested by the rapid expansion of urban construction land before entering the 21st century, and then by the rapid agglomeration of population. At present, they have become the national economic centers with high economic contribution, but their level of social development remains a weakness. (2)The development of the six major cities differs greatly, and each has its characteristics in terms of urban industry and space. Almaty and Astana have strong economic strength, Tashkent has a large population, Bishkek and Dushanbe have concentrated urban population, and the construction of Astana and Tashkent is accelerated later on. (3) The development of the six major cities is influenced by both internal forces and external forces. The government, market and science and technology jointly drive the development of the city's social economy, but the science and technology support capacity is insufficient. External forces, such as foreign trade, transport and foreign policy, promote participation in globalization, but there is an urgent need to optimize the business environment. It is concluded that for countries with small populations and economic scales, the linkage between internal and external force is the key to achieve rapid national development, and the capital must undertake the important mission of internal and external linkage. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the temporal and spatial patterns and influencing factors of global tourism trade Hanni LIU, Zancai XIA, Zhangxin YIN, Huimin SHEN, Ting LIU, Hui ZHANG 2023, 32(4): 14-27.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.04.2021893 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (2574KB) ( )   The new crown pneumonia epidemic has caused a dramatic decline in the level of global tourism trade. It is particularly important to explore the characteristics, regularities and driving factors of the temporal and spatial evolution of tourism trade in order to achieve a rapid recovery of global tourism trade. The paper selects tourism trade data from 140 countries (regions) worldwide over the past 20 years, uses spatial analysis techniques to characterize the temporal and spatial patterns of global tourism trade, and examines the driving factors and spatial heterogeneity of global tourism trade exports through geographic detectors and geographic weighted regression models. The results reveal that: (1) The center of global tourism trade has gradually shifted to Asia, forming three major markets in North America, Europe and Asia. (2) The temporal evolution of global tourism trade shows the characteristics of turbulent growth, short-term fluctuations and strong sensitivity. (3) The intensity of spatial agglomeration in global tourism trade import and export patterns first increased and then decreased. (4) Tourism connection channels, including the level of air transportation and Internet usage rate, are the leading factors stimulating the exports of global tourism trade. (5) There is spatial heterogeneity in the impact of influencing factors on tourism trade exports. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The hotspots and evolution of the study of the United States in Chinese geography Hui QI, Ying CHEN, Hong ZHOU 2023, 32(4): 28-40.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.04.2020773 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (948KB) ( )   This paper analyzes 397 research articles on American geography published in Chinese geography journals since 1983, using NoteExpress and CiteSpace software for quantitative analysis. The findings show that there are relatively few publications on American geography, but research has been accelerating since 2000. Research strength is uneven, and cooperation networks are generally scattered. Topics of focus include comparisons between China and the United States, geopolitics, economic development and industrial layout, urbanization, and land use planning. The field has undergone four stages of development. Research on economic and trade relations between China and the US, as well as science and technology innovation, have emerged as popular research topics. While the content of research is varied, some areas require further investigation. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The function of contemporary China's Seapower from the perspective of the concept of "the Maritime Community with a Shared Future" Zhen YANG, Liang CAI 2023, 32(4): 41-49.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.04.2021143 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (520KB) ( )   After entering the post-Cold War era in the history of international relations, the ocean, as a major transportation route and a treasure trove of resources, has an increasing strategic position. At a time when global governance has increasingly become a core issue of international politics, the governance of the ocean, the largest public space on the earth's surface, has become increasingly prominent. Due to the deepening of complex interdependence, especially the increasing dependence of the economic foundation on overseas trade and overseas markets, raw materials and energy, China, as a land-sea composite power, has more and more obvious maritime attributes. It began to focus on the issue of ocean governance and proposed the concept of "a maritime community with a shared future". At the same time, the concept of China's sea power has also been developed, and the function of China's sea power has been expanded. The author claims that there are eight functions of China's sea power: military function, political function, economic function, police function, scientific and technological function, cultural function, diplomatic function, and legal function. These expansions not only enrich China's sea power theory, but also increase China's choices in using sea power to serve national strategies and national interests and provide means for building " a maritime community with a shared future". References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on spatial distribution and regional characteristics of place names in the China-North Korea border: Zhi XIA, Shizhu JIN, Yungang LIU 2023, 32(4): 50-62.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.04.2021367 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1268KB) ( )   This paper is based on the place names of Yanbian in China and Hamgyǒngbuk-do in North Korea which both in the Changbai Mountain area. Firstly, the classification and character analysis of the place names in the two regions is carried out, and the results show that the place names in Yanbian and Hamgyǒngbuk-do have regular similarity and differentiation in the type distribution and character characteristics. Based on spatial visualization, the kernel density estimation, direction distribution, elevation distribution, and spatial autocorrelation of place names in the two regions are analyzed. The results show that the place names of the two regions are not evenly distributed in space, and there are many dense areas. The place names are clustered in the eastern coastal areas of Hamgyǒngbuk-do and the areas on both sides of the China-North Korea border. The place names in the two regions are mostly concentrated on hills, terraces, and other topography. The place names of Yanbian and Hamgyǒngbuk-do spread along the direction of northwest-southeast and northeast-southwest, respectively, which are positively correlated with the altitude. The place names of Yanbian are more discrete than those of Hamgyǒngbuk-do, and the correlation between place names of Hamgyǒngbuk-do and altitude is greater than those of Yanbian. Yanbian presents high-value aggregation while Hamgyǒngbuk-do presents low-value aggregation. It reveals that the place-name distribution characteristics objectively implicitly or explicitly reflect the natural environment in different areas of the border between China and North Korea, and the unique place-name culture in the Changbai Mountain area is historical and national. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on the evolution path of technology innovation model of China's High-speed Rail Yongkai ZHANG, Qingyuan TANG 2023, 32(4): 63-71.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.04.2021125 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (518KB) ( )   Based on summarizing and sorting the development history of technology innovation of China's high-speed rail, according to the theory of evolutionary economics geography, the evolutionry path of technology innovation model of China's high-speed rail was analyzed from the perspective of evolution. The result shows as following.(1)China's high-speed rail technology innovation model has experienced an evolutionary path from closed independent innovation to introduction, digestion, absorption and innovation to open independent innovation, relying on innovation by introducing a competitive mechanism, successfully catching up to high-speed rail powers.(2)The reason why China's high-speed rail technology has achieved such rapid development in the short term is due to the accumulation of technology in China's early period of independent innovation which laid a solid foundation for future technological progress.(3)The principle of joint design and production, building Chinese brands is adopted in the process of technology introduction, and the market-oriented technology development strategy is implemented effectively, which is providing an institutional guarantee for the introduction, digestion, absorption and innovation of China's high-speed rail technology.(4)The government plays an important role in the development and introduction of high-speed rail technology in China,and takes the advantages of national system of concentrating power to do great, which promotes the continuous innovation of China's high-speed rail technology constantly. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Temporal-spatial pattern and coupling characteristics of rural functions transformation and economic development in Jiangsu Province's county units Luyao WEI, Yuqi LU, Yu CHEN 2023, 32(4): 72-83.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.04.2021490 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1694KB) ( )   Exploring the temporal-spatial coupling rules between territorial functions transformation level and economic development degree under the reorganization of rural development factors is helpful to coordinate the human-land relationship and promote the integration of urban and rural development. On the basis of five cross-sectional data of the county scale of Jiangsu Province in 1997, 2002, 2007, 2012 and 2017, this paper discusses the characteristics of rural territorial functions transformation and its temporal-spatial correlation rule with economic development level by constructing rural transformation degree model and coupling coordination model. The results show that : (1) During the study period, the level of rural territorial functions transformation in Jiangsu Province gradually picked up after decrease, and the spread of high-speed transformation areas towards southern Jiangsu Province has become apparent. At the end of the study, the hot spots of rural territorialfunctions transformation with medium and high-speed in northern Jiangsu gathered, and the transformation degree in central Jiangsu needs to be improved. (2) The spatial agglomeration effect of rural economic growth in Jiangsu Province has gradually strengthened, and the effect of rural economic acceleration in northern Jiangsu was remarkable. The spatial balance and radiate diffusion trend of economic growth among counties became obvious. (3) The coupling and coordinated development pattern of rural territorial functions transformation and economic development in Jiangsu Province was basically consistent. The high-level coordinated development in the early stage of the study evolved into the low-level coordinated development in the middle stage, and finally formed the orderly and high-quality coordinated development again at the end of the study.According to the coupling and coordinated relationship between the rural territorial functions transformation and economic development, we further defined six types including economic lag zone, coordination lag zone, economic upgrading zone, transformation and upgrading zone, optimization and upgrading zone, and advanced development zone. We also further clarify the development direction and driving mechanism of various collaboration relationships. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Interaction between environmental protection and economic development Zhiqiong ZHANG, Dan HE 2023, 32(4): 84-95.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.04.2021173 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (892KB) ( )   Environmental protection and economic development is a global issue. Analyzing the construction process of Shanghai Chongming Eco-Island is helpful to understand the interactive relationship between them. Based on the time series data, this paper first used the entropy method to measure Chongming's environmental protection level and economic development level, then used Granger causality test, VAR model, pulse response function and variance decomposition to analyze the interaction between environmental protection and economic development in Chongming from 2005 to 2018. The results show that: Chongming's levels of environmental protection and economic development have generally improved from 2005 to 2018 and present two-way Granger causality. The economic development level has a positive effect on the environmental protection level, while the environmental protection level has a negative effect on the economic development level. The interaction between environmental protection and economic development are different in time and intensity. The impact of economic development on environmental protection is positive, meaning that Chongming's economic development contributes to environmental protection, but the effect gradually decreases over time. The main reason for this result is Shanghai's direct financial support. The influence of environmental protection on economic development is negative and presents the characteristics of "decreased first and then increased", which is mainly due to the incentive mechanism arrangements adopted by the two-tiered government. Although with the improvement of the environmental protection level, the negative effects on economic development will gradually weaken but will not disappear. Environmental protection still restricts economic development to a certain extent. The results of variance decomposition analysis show that environmental protection makes great contribution to the economic development,whereas economic development exerts less contribution on environmental protection. Based on the empirical results, the study finally puts forward the corresponding recommendations for Chongming to realize the coordinated development of economic development and environmental protection. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The influence of the connection pattern of airline network on flight delay distribution in China and its changes in recent years Yinuo ZHANG, Yaqing DONG, Zi LU, Xinru DU, Jin YANG, Yuhan WANG 2023, 32(4): 96-108.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.04.2021513 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1906KB) ( )   Point-to-point airlines through hub airports constitutes the trunk network system, which plays a key role in the whole air traffic organization. Based on the panel data of 2012 and 2018, this paper constructs a series of indicators set, aiming to explain the impact of airline network on the spatio-temporal distribution of flight delays and forecast its change trend with a seven-year comparison. The results are as follows: ①Airline network is the external basis of spatio-temporal distribution of flight delays, and the cumulative effect and the peak effect of delays are caused by the two components of airlines and airports, respectively. The high delay rate of hub airports cannot be completely attributed to the poor airport construction and air traffic control, which is closely related to the airline network, including the strength and structure of network connection. ②The degree of airline connection in China is more than the degree of aviation demand, and its oversaturation state is obvious and mainly exists between the composite hub airports. The intra-day delay frequency changes from a low value and increases continuously until the end. The overlap of peak hours forms delay contagion and spread, and produces the cumulative effect of flight delay. ③The high node degree and intermediary center of hub airports lead to the low degree of agglomeration and average path length index of the overall route network. The central advantages and bridging functions of hub airports lead to an oligarchic structure of network connection, resulting in the top effect of flight delay. ④The pattern of China's airline network is relatively fixed in the past seven years, and it is still facing great challenges to reduce flight delays. Optimizing air traffic functions and implementing flow regulation are an important direction of airspace reform. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on patent citations and agricultural knowledge spillovers in the Yangtze River Delta Saifei NIE, Renxu GU 2023, 32(4): 109-118.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.04.2020922 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (619KB) ( )   Innovation has increasingly become the primary driving force to improve agricultural productivity, profitability and competitiveness, and knowledge spillovers are of great significance to the growth of agricultural innovation. This article uses patent citation data from three provinces and one city in the Yangtze River Delta from 1985 to 2015, and patent citation data from 1999 to 2019, and employs the patent citation model to analyze the situation of patent citations and agricultural knowledge spillovers in the Yangtze River Delta provinces and cities, and draws the following conclusions: (1) Prior to 2012, agricultural patent knowledge in the Yangtze River Delta region is more inclined to interact with regions outside the region, and the intensity of agricultural knowledge learning is higher than the spillover of agricultural knowledge; The overflow goes hand in hand in both directions. (2) The regional concentration of agricultural patent citations in the three provinces and one city is ranked as Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang and Shanghai in order. Jiangsu is relatively active in the two-way interaction in the region, while Shanghai has shown a relatively independent model of agricultural knowledge innovation, which is relatively weak in driving the overall agricultural innovation in the Yangtze River Delta. (3) Restricted by the level of innovation, recent agricultural patents are more novel and innovative than old patents, and their citation probability is higher than that of the former, but it is still limited by the impact of time gaps. The citation probability shows superiority over time. (4) Knowledge learning in the agricultural field has a threshold effect. In addition to learning novel and innovative knowledge from other provinces and cities in the region, Anhui also learns basic agricultural knowledge with old technology but relatively crucial, which is transformed into universal agricultural knowledge through its own practice. And Anhui's agriculture knowledge is cited fastest by other provinces and cities, but the depreciation rate is also the highest within the region. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of spatial distribution and location selection of urban industries in Lanzhou Xiaomin MA, Zhibin ZHANG, Weimin GONG, Yan GUO, Xuewei ZHAO 2023, 32(4): 119-131.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.04.2021425 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1506KB) ( )   As an important part of the modern economic system, the urban industry has its unique spatial layout and location selection. Based on the micro-level enterprise data, using location entropy, hotspot analysis and conditional Logit model, the paper investigated the spatial distribution characteristics and location selection of urban industrial enterprises in Lanzhou. The results show that: (1) The overall distribution of urban industrial enterprises present a spatial agglomeration feature of "one center area and two sub-central areas". There is not much difference in the number and density of enterprises in the central city, suburbs and outer suburbs. However, as the spatial scale shrinks, the differences are more obvious on the district and county scale, and more significant on the block scale. (2) From the perspective of various industries, food processing and interior decoration manufacturing industries have hot spots in each circle of the city. The garment manufacturing, processed tourism supplies industries and electronic information manufacturing industries are mainly concentrated in the central city. The packaging printing industries and cosmetics washing product manufacturing industries gather in the suburban and outer suburb. (3) Urban industrial enterprises are mainly affected by local economy, city economy, infrastructure, policy planning and suburbanization, while technological innovation have less impact on their location selection. (4) In terms of industries, the location choices of the labour-intensive businesses represented by garment manufacturing, food processing, packaging printing industries, interior decoration manufacturing industries, and process tourism supplies industries are mainly affected by spatial distance, historical location, infrastructure, etc. However, capital and technology intensive enterprises represent by the cosmetics and washing products manufacturing industry and electronic information manufacturing industry preferred locations with technological innovation and policy planning factors. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the distribution characteristics and formation mechanisms of Chinese traditional villages Xiaoyao ZHANG, Lin LU, Hu YU, Xiao ZHANG, Hongbo DENG 2023, 32(4): 132-143.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.04.20200619 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (2079KB) ( )   This paper analyzes 4 153 traditional villages in China, and uses GIS and other spatial analysis methods to deeply analyze the distribution characteristics of traditional villages and their formation mechanisms. The research finds that: (1) The distribution of traditional villages in China is generally condensed, mainly in the eastern coastal and southwestern regions, but the causes of the two are significantly different. (2) With the change of historical periods, the spatial agglomeration form of traditional villages has changed from "single core, multiple cores" to "multiple cores, single core". The number of traditional villages in the eastern agricultural and cultural area is significantly higher than that in the western nomadic cultural area. The distribution of traditional villages in the southwestern minority agricultural and cultural sub-region is the most concentrated. The distribution of ethnic minority traditional villages is in the middle of the southwest region, and the Han traditional villages are distributed in the south of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. (3) The formation of the distribution pattern of traditional villages is the result of the comprehensive effect of many factors. Topography, climate, precipitation, and river waters are the basic factors that determine the formation and continuation of traditional villages. Agricultural production methods and historical population migration affect the agglomeration and development of traditional villages. The key factors of the sustainable development of traditional villages are the total number of existing traditional villages and the protection of local government policies. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Everyday life practices and grounded home of transnational elite immigrants: The case of Guangzhou Meixin LIU, Xiaomei CAI, Hong ZHU 2023, 32(4): 144-155.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.04.2021618 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (619KB) ( )   Taking Guangzhou as a case, this study explores the process and daily strategies of establishing the grounded home of transnational elite immigrants from the global north to the global south from the micro perspective of everyday life through semi-structured interviews, observation and tracing. Study found that firstly, "grounded home" is a process and the concept of comprehensive; the realization of the roots need through concrete and small daily practice to complete, and family factors, external environment factors, emotional factors and integrated element such as day-to-day convenience become the main factor of transnational elite decision rooted. Secondly, transnational elite immigrants who have established roots usually use localized daily practice strategies to realize local integration, including housing strategy, food strategy, language strategy and identity strategy, to realize the transformation from strangeness to familiarity and then to root. Thirdly, Mobility changes the sense and understanding of the past home, the present home and the future home of the rooted elite immigrants, and reconstructs the cognition of "being with family". The research has developed the concept of the "grounded home" and embedded daily life in the geographical study of the home, with innovative theoretical and practical significance. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Space of flows and knowledge production under e-commerce driven poverty alleviation: A study of rural restructuring mechanism in Kunming Junchao LEI, Min WANG, Xin MAI 2023, 32(4): 156-169.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.04.2021338 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (947KB) ( )   This paper adopts the theory of "Actor-Network Theory (ANT)" and the discourse of the "space of flows" as theoretical frameworks to interpret the production of knowledge and rural restructuring which are influenced by the e-commerce development in rural China. Using research methods of participatory observation and semi-structured interviews conducted in Dongchuan District, Xundian County, and Luquan County in the Kunming City, Yunnan Province, we analyze the mechanisms of rural restructuring in our three study areas based on the construction of knowledge production actor-network and the space of flows. It is found that the penetration of e-commerce in rural area has reshaped the spatial structure of rural commercial space by reconfiguring the way of connection and transformation of various flows. Meanwhile, the production of knowledge based on e-commerce training has changed the way of interaction between rural individuals and the internet. Rural residents are becoming more connected to the external consumers by taking advantage of the internet. They are empowered by the digital economy, which enables them to proactively advertise local agro-products, increase income and strengthen identity of place.Such changes driven by rural e-commerce development are arguably important for understanding the physical, social, and cultural restructuring of China's rural space. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Environmental gentrification research in foreign countries: Progress and implications Han CHU, Dixiang XIE, Jiang CHANG 2023, 32(4): 170-180.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.04.2021059 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (699KB) ( )   Gentrification has been a trending topic in human geography and urban planning over the past several decades. Based on classic gentrification, scholars have proposed new concepts, such as new-build gentrification, educational gentrification, rural gentrification, tourism gentrification, and environmental gentrification. Among these concepts, environmental gentrification has received particular attention in recent years. This paper introduced the concept, background, and impacts of environmental gentrification through a review of existing literature on environmental gentrification published in English journals. We argued that environmental gentrification is a process of physical improvement, social upgrading, and direct or indirect displacement of the disadvantaged or low-income classes, driven by environmental improvement practices such as environmental beautification or environmental rehabilitation. Three perspectives of environmental gentrification research have been identified: classic gentrification, environmental injustice, and the inherent contradictions in sustainable development. We summarized solutions to environmental gentrification in foreign countries from the perspective of environmental injustice. Lastly, we advocated that Chinese scholars should pay more attention to environmental gentrification in China, where urban ecological environment management and "greening and beautification" projects have become the new impetus of gentrification in the past decades. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics