Abstract:

This paper examines the growth processes of six major cities in Central Asia since independence from the perspectives of population, land use, economy, and society. It also discusses the factors that have influenced the growth of six major cities from the perspective of internal and external dynamics. The analysis is based on statistical data and field research. The following are the primary conclusions: (1) Six major cities have developed rapidly after the independence, which is manifested by the rapid expansion of urban construction land before entering the 21st century, and then by the rapid agglomeration of population. At present, they have become the national economic centers with high economic contribution, but their level of social development remains a weakness. (2)The development of the six major cities differs greatly, and each has its characteristics in terms of urban industry and space. Almaty and Astana have strong economic strength, Tashkent has a large population, Bishkek and Dushanbe have concentrated urban population, and the construction of Astana and Tashkent is accelerated later on. (3) The development of the six major cities is influenced by both internal forces and external forces. The government, market and science and technology jointly drive the development of the city's social economy, but the science and technology support capacity is insufficient. External forces, such as foreign trade, transport and foreign policy, promote participation in globalization, but there is an urgent need to optimize the business environment. It is concluded that for countries with small populations and economic scales, the linkage between internal and external force is the key to achieve rapid national development, and the capital must undertake the important mission of internal and external linkage.

Key words: capital, Central Asian states, urban development, internal and external dynamics, globalization, Silk Road Economic Belt

摘要：

基于多源数据和实地调研，本文从人口、用地、经济和社会4个方面深入分析中亚地区六大城市自国家独立以来的发展过程，并基于内外动力视角探讨了六大城市发展的影响因素。主要结论如下：①六大城市在国家独立之后得到了快速发展，在进入21世纪前表现为城市建设用地的快速扩张，之后表现为人口的快速集聚，目前均已成为国家经济中心，对国家经济具有极高的贡献度，但社会发展水平是主要短板；②六大城市的发展存在较大差异，城市产业和空间各有特色，阿拉木图和阿斯塔纳具有较强的经济实力，塔什干具有较大的人口规模，比什凯克和杜尚别集中了全国较多的城镇人口，阿斯塔纳和塔什干后期建设步伐加快；③六大城市发展受到了内力和外力的共同影响，政府、市场和科技等内部动力共同驱动了城市社会经济发展，但科技支撑能力不足；对外贸易、对外交通和对外政策等外部动力共同促进了六大城市的全球化进程，但六大城市的营商环境亟须优化。研究认为，对人口和经济规模较小的国家而言，推动内力和外力的联动是实现国家快速发展的关键，而首都必然要承担起内外联动的重要使命。

关键词: 首都, 中亚国家, 城市发展, 内外动力, 全球化, 丝绸之路经济带