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19 June 2023, Volume 32 Issue 6 Previous Issue   

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Evolution and influencing factors of global high-tech products trade network Ruibo ZHOU, Yinan CHEN, Yuanhong QIN 2023, 32(6): 1-13.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.06.2021644 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1328KB) ( )   High-tech industry and commodity trade are the direct embodiment of a country or region's scientific and technological innovation strength. Based on the data from the UN Comtrade, this paper selected four years of 2003, 2008, 2013 and 2018 to build a global high-tech products trade network, analyzed and summarized the development situation, network structure characteristics and development trend of international trade in the high-tech industry. Based on the trade gravity model, technology gap theory and multi-dimensional proximity analysis, this paper used the QAP regression analysis method to study the influencing factors on the trade of high-tech products. The results show that: (1) the global trade volume of high-tech products is increasing, the network scale is expanding, and trade ties are becoming closer and more active. (2) The trade network presents the phenomenon of central polarization, forming the network structure of "three reunion cores" with China as the center in East and Southeast Asia, the United States as the center in North America and Germany as the center in Europe, showing the coexistence of "hub and spoke backbone network" and "radial regional network". (3)The technological gap and economic gap between the two countries play a positive role in promoting commodity trade, while geographical distance, language difference and institutional difference inhibit commodity trade, but the impact is weakening. The contribution of this paper is to explore the characteristics and evolution trend of global high-tech product trade network, and to explore the influencing factors of commodity trade from the dynamic and relational perspectives, which has certain policy implications for the development of high-tech industry and commodity trade in China. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Trade network and competitiveness of China's critical nonferrous metal resources under dual circulation pattern: A case study of cobalt Meijuan XU, Ligang XU, Mengjie YUAN 2023, 32(6): 14-27.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.06.2021342 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (3772KB) ( )   Critical nonferrous metals are of strategic importance to the development of today's manufacturing industry, especially under sustainable circumstances. To explore the trade patterns of the critical nonferrous metal resource industry chain and analyze its competitive advantages at different stages, this paper takes cobalt as an example, constructs the directional weighted network of the trade of typical products at each stage of the global cobalt industry chain from 2002 to 2020 based on the trade data of cobalt, cobalt oxide, electrolytic cobalt and cobalt acid lithium, uses trade and market concentration index to analyze the evolution pattern of overall global cobalt products trade, analyzes the cobalt competitive situation of China among typical trading parties. The results show: (1) Developed countries or regions attach more importance to the downstream of the cobalt industry chain. (2) The overall trade volume of cobalt has been gradually increasing, cobalt oxide and lithium cobalt oxide still occupied the majority share of trade among countries. (3) China is more dependent on cobalt ore and cobalt oxide from the Democratic Republic of Congo, and may face a shortage of cobalt and cobalt oxide; the competitiveness of China's cobalt industry is second only to the United States. (4) The United States, Germany, and other countries pay more attention to the ability of betweenness centrality and the distribution of export structure. Accordingly, it is proposed to pay attention to the diversification of the supply side, build a global cobalt product trade risk assessment system, accelerate the upstream and downstream extension of the industry chain and take the lead in relieving the investment pressure of enterprises, to adapt to the internal and external environment evolution, to enhance the control of the critical nonferrous metals industry chain, both in the international and domestic market. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evolution of the petroleum products trade network of countries along the "Belt and Road" Kongchao ZHU, Yuan ZHAO, Siyou XIA, Qifan XIA, Panpan CUI 2023, 32(6): 28-38.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.06.2021550 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (2096KB) ( )   Energy trade and cooperation is a key field in the joint construction of the "Belt and Road Initiative". Carrying out a study on the evolution of the petroleum products trade network of countries along the "Belt and Road" (hereafter called the BRI countries) will help the BRI countries to strengthen cooperation in petroleum products trade. Taking petroleum products as the research object, this paper used the complex network method to analyze the dynamic evolution of the petroleum products trade network of the BRI countries since the 21st century and revealed the similarities and differences between the petroleum products trade network and the crude oil trade network through comparison. The results show that: (1)The petroleum products trade network is a small world network with core-periphery structure, which presents the characteristics of scale expansion, tightness increase and increasingly complex, and these characteristics are more significant than the crude oil trade network; (2)The spatial imbalance of petroleum products trade is significant, the petroleum trade forms a spatial pattern of radiation from hub nodes such as Singapore, Russia and Saudi Arabia, and convergence to hub nodes such as Singapore, China and Malaysia, and the status of hub nodes is increasingly strengthened; (3)The communities of the products trade network gradually gather. The petroleum products trade network gradually forms three stable communities with Russia, Singapore and the Middle East countries as the cores. China gradually separates from Russia's community and join Singapore's community. Finally, corresponding policy implications are provided based on the research results. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Geo-setting along the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road and its impact on China Kaichen CAO, Wei HU, Yuejing GE, Ningning FU, Zhiding HU, Cansong LI, Shuai YE, Yuan HU 2023, 32(6): 39-50.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.06.20220078 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1273KB) ( )   From the geo-setting elements, we analyze the characteristics of the natural geographical environment, geo-economic and cultural environment, geopolitic environment and traffic environment of the countries along the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road (MSR) and their impact on China. The results show that: (1)The geographical environmental elements along the MSR have significant heterogeneity, and the spatial distribution of resources and economic development needs are dislocated, which lays the foundation for the orderly flow of resource elements between China and countries along the MSR. (2)The uneven and fragmented economic development levels along the MSR are conducive to promoting the integration and upgrading of China-led regional production networks and building an open and balanced economic system. (3)As the frontier of confrontation between "land power" countries and "sea power" countries and the strategic region of geopolitical games between countries with different political systems, the geopolitical environment along the MSR is grim. The complex game of great powers along the MSR forms containment and threats to China, and the fragmented and fragile geo-setting becomes an important source of geopolitical risks for China. (4)The shipping network of the MSR with China as the center of connectivity has been initially formed, and the infrastructure interconnection construction of the MSR has improved China's maritime channel security.The military control of the United States over most maritime throats and strategic fulcrums along the MSR and the intervention of the "Quad Alliance" of the United States, Japan, India and Australia have formed a strong military deterrent and constraint on China's shipping security, energy security and military security. In order to promote the construction of the MSR, China should deepen the alignment of political and economic development strategies with countries along the MSR route, promote geopolitical and geo-economic cooperation with major countries along the route, accelerate construction of new interconnection channels,and establish a warning and prevention mechanism for geo-risks. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Natural forest loss and its transformation characteristics along the Thailand-Laos border during 1987-2015 Peng LI, Jinghui FENG, Chiwei XIAO, Xia LI 2023, 32(6): 51-62.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.06.2021243 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (3636KB) ( )   Geo-economic cooperation has driven or is driving land use/cover changes in national border areas globally.However, quantitative examination of bilateral impact-response and their relationship remains insufficient, or in an initial stage. Using the SERVIR-Mekong land-cover products provided by the United States Agency for International Development, the loss of natural forest and its transformation processes towards cropland and plantations (including orchards) as well as their border-proneness in the border area (a buffer of 60 km) of Thailand and Laos from 1987 to 2015 were analyzed with GIS-based methods. The results showed: (1) Over 3.18×104 km2 of natural forest (including forest and mixed forest) loss was seen in the border areas in the past 30 years. The forest loss driven by farmland expansion in the Thai side was dominant, with a reduction of 72%; while the plantations (including orchards) caused over 2/3 of forest loss in the Laotian side. (2) Deforestation due to the expansion of cropland and plantations was significantly notable circa 2000, or between 1999 and 2003 in both sides, accounting for over 40%, which was concentrated in the surrounding area of major border cities (e.g.,Vientiane) or crossing ports (e.g., Chiang Khong and Nongkhai, Thailand).(3) The loss amount of forest and mixed forest on both sides increased as it gets closer to the borderline. The deforestation of forest and mixed forest due to farmland conversion and the conversion of forest into plantations (including orchards) in the Laotian side displayed a more obvious border-proneness; while the deforestation of mixed forest because of the conversion into plantations (including orchards) in both sides displayed strong convergence.(4) The forest/mixed forest reduction caused by the expansion of farmland was primarily seen within 45 km on both sides, while the forest loss (within 13 km) caused by the expansion of plantations (including orchards) was more significant than that of mixed forests. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Explaining border strategic behavior across the Himalayan since Mid-Qing Dynasty: Based on the national border projected power Qianqian ZHANG, Jianzhong YAN, Shihai WU 2023, 32(6): 63-76.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.06.20220094 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1719KB) ( )   A scientific understanding of India's border-strategy is of great significance for China to formulate reasonable strategies towards India. Existing studies cannot explain why India has been provoking and encroachment in the Sino-India border area under the condition of the wide gap in comprehensive power between China and India, and it is difficult to provide a theoretical basis for China to adjust its strategy towards India in the future. Based on the framework of national border projected power, the paper chooses 4 time nodes, and combines historical studies and field work resources to explain Sino-India border strategic behavior in different historical phases. The results show that: ① National border projected power is the fundamental cause of national border strategic behavior. The national border projected power is mainly affected by comprehensive national power, restrictive power, geo-distance, trade relations. ② When China's comprehensive national power is powerful and unencumbered by restrictive power, the intensity of its national border projected power will rise, which will promote China to become the dominant side in the border strategic behavior of the Himalayan region, vice versa. ③ Based on the analytical framework, it is suggested that China should accurately evaluate the changes of the Sino-India national border projected power, scientifically place more emphases on the containment of external restrictive power, and reasonably enhance national projected power allocating in the border area, so as to actively respond to India's military adventures in the border area. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Sustainable development assessment in South African coastal areas Yun XING, Guoen WEI, Zhenke ZHANG, Binglin LIU 2023, 32(6): 77-86.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.06.2021119 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (934KB) ( )   South Africa is an important partner of China's cooperation with Africa in the "Belt and Road" Initiative. Analyzing the sustainable development of South African coastal areas will provide a reference for high-quality cooperation between China and South Africa. Combining remote sensing data and statistical data, a sustainable development assessment index system was constructed based on the pressure-state-response (PSR) model to analysis the level of sustainable development and differences in the coastal areas of South Africa from 2002 to 2018. The research results show that: (1) The pressure, status, and response factors of various regions increased from 2002 to 2018, the pressure index values of KwaZulu-Natal and Western Cape provinces were higher than those of other regions; the state index values of each region remained relatively stable and increase, and the Namakwa District was obviously different from other regions, less than half of other provinces; among the response index values, the Namakwa District and Western Cape province had improved rapidly, and the regional gap has gradually narrowed. (2) The level of sustainable development in South Africa coastal areas increased from 0.460 to 0.529 from 2002 to 2018.The regional difference in the level of sustainable development continued to shrink, Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal province ranked high by the comprehensive sustainable development index, and the sustainable development of coastal regions were constantly improving. The coastal areas of South Africa had enormous potential for sustainable development, and Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal province may be the ideal areas for China-South Africa cooperation in the "Belt and Road". Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the relationship between regional innovation integration and localization of emerging industries: Zefeng MI, Jingxuan FU, Yuhui XIANG, Zhenning ZHU, Zhixin QIU 2023, 32(6): 87-97.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.06.2021166 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (966KB) ( )   The technological innovation of emerging industries is the key field of regional competition, the impact of the rapid development of regional innovation integration on localization is a question that economic geographers need to answer. Taking the new material industry in the Yangtze River Delta as an example, this paper obtains the data of invention patents from Incopat patent service website, and explores the relationship between regional innovation integration and localization in cooperative R & D and patent transfer network from 2000 to 2017. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) In terms of spatial structure, the degree of regional integration in the two networks is highly related to the spatial pattern of localization, and both of them present a "core periphery" structure centered on the "Z" shaped region composed of "Hefei - Nanjing - Shanghai - Hangzhou - Ningbo". (2) The degree of regional innovation integration can promote the strength of local network, but there is a significant positive "U" relationship between integration and localization. On the one hand, it affirms that the regional innovation integration has positive significance for the improvement of regional overall innovation ability. On the other hand, it shows that the role of de-localization is dominant in the early regional innovation integration. But after a certain degree, the process of high-quality integration can force the local network to accelerate the development, and the regions with high degree of integration can take the lead in exerting the siphon effect and utilizing external resources to promote the process of re-localization. (3) The process of regional innovation integration is an interwoven process of de-localization and re-localization. It is crucial for local governments to reshape local networks and local characteristics with the help of integration forces. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Spatio-temporal pattern and obstacle factor diagnosis of smart development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration Huiqiang MA, Jiale LIU, Jianchao XI, Qing WANG 2023, 32(6): 98-107.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.06.2021431 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1180KB) ( )   Taking 13 cities in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei as the research objects, this paper constructed the urban smart development index system from three aspects: smart space construction, smart element allocation and smart welfare performance, measured the urban smart development level in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei from 2008 to 2018, and used ArcGIS software to realize the temporal and spatial measurement performance of smart development level. The obstacle degree model was used to reveal the criterion-level factors that hinder the smart development of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei cities. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The smart development level in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei is low, the research period shows a weak fluctuation and downward trend, and there is room for improvement. (2) From the spatial difference of smart development level, the double core trend with Beijing and Tianjin as the high level is obvious, showing a downward trend from the center to the surrounding. (3) From the overall barrier performance of study area, smart welfare performance accounts for the largest proportion, smart space construction takes the second place, and smart factor allocation is the lowest. (4) The obstacles to smart development in different cities vary. The obstacles in Beijing and Tianjin are mainly focused on smart welfare performance. As the main core area to undertake Beijing's noncapital functions, smart space construction and smart element allocation are the obstacles in most cities. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the matching of park green space and residential function in Shenyang based on the perspective of residents' leisure travel Liya MA, Chunliang XIU 2023, 32(6): 108-118.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.06.2021460 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1370KB) ( )   This study is based on the travel characteristics of Shenyang residents to park green areas for leisure activities on weekends and holidays, and measures the accessibility of residents to park green areas, the fairness of resource allocation and the spatial matching with residence with the help of Gaussian two-step floating catchment area method, per capita green area location entropy and inconsistency index, respectively, to comprehensively explore the rationality of park green area allocation, which helps to improve the function of park green areas and optimize the urban spatial structure. The results show that: (1) The average travel distance of residents in Shenyang to park green areas for leisure activities has a trend of increasing circles, and most residents travel to park green areas with the characteristics of proximity. The phenomenon of residents' long-distance cross regional leisure activities in the park is less. (2) The parks with high accessibility are located in the east-west direction of the third ring. The parks with low accessibility are located in the north-south direction of the third ring and around the ring road, which is in short supply. (3) The spatial allocation of park green space in the north-south direction in the central part of the city is unfair, and there is a spatial mismatch between residential and park green space functions. Park green space can be appropriately built within the residential function in the central part to ensure the residents' demand for park leisure activities. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of convenience stores in Nanjing based on POI data Zhenshan BAO, Zhiyan CHEN 2023, 32(6): 119-130.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.06.2021567 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1645KB) ( )   Convenience stores, as the main carrier of retail commerce, the reasonable spatial distribution of convenience stores is very important for the implementation of the strategy of expanding domestic demand and unblocking the economic cycle. Based on the POI data of Nanjing, kernel density estimation, buffer zone analysis, and ordered multicategorical logistic were used to explore the spatial distribution characteristics and causes of location selection of convenience stores in Nanjing. The study finds that: (1) The spatial distribution of convenience stores in Nanjing generally presents an unbalanced development pattern of "one main store and many vice stores", which is concentrated in the main urban area of Jiangnan, gathered in the new main urban area of Jiangbei in a small range, and scattered in the sub urban area with low density. (2) Based on the distribution and identification of convenience store hotspots in road grid cells and subway stations, it is found that convenience stores have obvious distribution characteristics along the roads and parallel distribution characteristics with subway stations, but the distribution of different stations varies greatly. (3) The spatial clustering characteristics of each brand of convenience stores are different, but they basically match with their respective brand positioning and business strategies, and complement the layout of urban shopping areas. (4) Factors such as traffic, population and rent affect the spatial distribution of convenience stores, and there are differences in the degree of influence. The research results provide scientific basis and theoretical support for optimizing the spatial layout of commercial outlets and commercial planning work, etc. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Multi-scalar dynamics of Qiaoxiang culture: Rui CHEN, Yi LIU, Ximing YANG 2023, 32(6): 131-141.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.06.2020678 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (777KB) ( )   From a multi-scalar perspective, this paper explores the dynamics of Qiaoxiang culture and the potential contribution of Qiaoxiang culture to the Belt and Road Initiative. Shantang culture, one branch of Qiaoxiang culture, has been widely spread in Southeast Asia, and so the development of Xiude Shantang in Dawu Village of Chaozhou—a traditional Qiaoxiang region—in post-reform era provides empirical case study for this research. This research adopts qualitative methods including in-depth interviews, textual analysis, and observation in order to unpack the changing dynamics of Xiude Shantang since its re-emergence in Dawu Village in 1983. Xiude Shantang was re-built in Dawu with the help of its emigrants rather than its religious branches overseas. During this process, overseas Chinese and local people in Dawu both emphasized Dawu Shantang's place meaning as a symbol of hometown. Then Dawu Shantang further developed by strengthening its connections within transnational Shantang cultural networks based on its religious ties. The recent decade saw Dawu Shantang became economically independent from overseas Chinese and conducted charity work actively in Dawu, while it started playing a central role in transnational networks of Shantangs in Southeast Asia and China. This research finds out that the construction of Qiaoxiang culture is a multi-scalar and dynamic process. Actors at different scales such as transnational, national, and local scales all participate in this process. Their multi-scalar interaction shapes the scale-meaning of Qiaoxiang culture and drives the (re-)development of Qiaoxiang culture. The multi-scalar dynamics of Qiaoxiang culture shows the potential for utilizing Qiaoxiang culture to facilitate the Belt and Road Initiative in terms of transnational cultural exchange and communication. Exploring this topic enhances our understanding of multi-scalar interaction and multi-scale representation of local culture in Qiaoxiang that has not been fully discussed in current research in geography or Qiaoxiang studies. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Cultural limitation analysis of participation in tourism development in scenic area dependent communities: The case study of the communities in Shibing Karst Heritage Site Shian YE, Fangjuan DU, Kehua WU, Shurong ZHUANG, Yuxuan LIU 2023, 32(6): 142-156.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.06.2021200 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1108KB) ( )   The current discussion on the limitation factors of community participation in tourism development is less in-depth analysis from the cultural perspective. Therefore, based on the analysis framework of cultural limitation, this study applies qualitative research method to study dependent communities in Shibing karst world natural heritage site. The conclusions are as follows: (1) Community participation in tourism depending the scenic area is not completely linear development. The tourism development of communities around the Shibing karst heritage site in recent 30 years has experienced three stages from the "free-ride" participation, the spontaneous organizational participation in the medium-term to the current development dilemma. (2)In the stage dilemma of dependent community participation in tourism, cultural restrictive factors are particularly prominent.The survey found that local tourism in Shibing karst can not support the employment and livelihood of residents at all.In particular, community participation in tourism is significantly affected by cultural restrictive factors that work together between local and community.(3)The development and change of tourism participation in heritage site are caused by several cultural limitations based on place, such as the consciousness of community participation, the ability of community participation, the leadership of community participation, the cohesion of community participation and collective action. Throughout an in-depth evaluation of the community participation in tourism development, this research provides a more effective analytical framework for the cultural limitations of community participation in tourism development, and provides some references for the development of rural tourism, the formulation of local government tourism policies and "rural revitalization". Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the spatial distribution and agglomeration characteristics of geographical indication products in China Hongru WANG, Wenjin QIN 2023, 32(6): 157-166.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.06.2021662 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1887KB) ( )   As a kind of "pro-agricultural" intellectual property, geographical indications have brand value and cultural value, and play a unique role in promoting agricultural economic growth and Rural Revitalization. This paper describes the spatial distribution and spatial trends of geographical indication products in China based on ArcGIS platform, and explores the spatial clustering characteristics of geographical indication products in China by using standard deviational ellipse and exploratory spatial data analysis methods. The results show that: (1) Fruit geographical indication products account for the highest proportion, flowers and handicrafts account for a relatively small proportion, and agricultural geographical indication is the most important component. (2) The province with the largest distribution of geographical indication products is Shandong, and the provinces with the largest number of registered geographical indication products in the fruit category are Shandong and Xinjiang. In terms of spatial trends, Chinese geographical indication products show a relatively smooth arc-shaped trend in the east-west direction and an obvious inverted U-shaped trend in the south-north direction. (3) Chinese geographical indication products have obvious spatial agglomeration characteristics, and tea geographical indication products have the highest spatial agglomeration degree. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Cognition, identity and spillover: An emotional geography study of learning space for the elderly in Guangzhou Yuping ZHENG, Xin MAI, Min WANG 2023, 32(6): 167-180.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.06.2021235 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (931KB) ( )   The background of "emotional turn" calls for the study of affective geography to move away from the paradigm of subjective experience to a broader study of social space. As a complex social and cultural integration, the learning space for the elderly is no longer only a pure facility for the aged. The daily life, stage performance and social interaction of the elderly in the space are endowed with more special emotional significance. Taking Guangdong Old Cadres University as the main case study, this paper deconstructs the spatial perception of elderly students into three emotional stages, namely Cognition, Identity and Spillover, from the perspective of emotional geography, through long-term observation, participation and integration into the learning and social life of the elderly in and out of class. This paper holds that the learning place is not only a substantial spatial scale, but also a space with special social connection and sense of belonging around "community" and "emotion". Back to the old place by learning a positive space projection self definition, "to participate in learning" dynamic atmosphere triggers the elderly, the young positive emotions, space of social network also intimacy, a sense of belonging for the old emotional support, a positive local identity and sense of community ACTS on the spatial construction become stable, ageing resistant negative positive spillover benefits. This paper provides real case support for deconstructing learning space from the perspective of emotional geography, focuses on active actors in urban daily life, and provides empirical suggestions for the development of geriater-friendly communities. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics