中国民营上市企业总部空间格局及影响因素

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2020.05.2019222

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

民营企业是拉动中国经济发展的重要力量，分析民营上市企业总部的空间格局及影响因素，对了解民营企业发展现状，促进中国经济可持续发展具有重要意义。通过分析2008—2017年中国民营上市企业数据，研究发现：①以长三角为代表的华东地区是中国民营上市企业主要集聚区，但所占比重在下降，而以京津冀为代表的华北地区近年来发展较快，全国民营上市企业重心略向北移动。②中国民营上市企业以第二产业为主，第三产业占比呈上升趋势，但远低于第二产业，第三产业热点城市明显较少，空间集聚性也较弱；第一产业占比很少，仅在1%左右。③中国民营上市企业第二产业和第三产业存在向长三角、珠三角和京津冀经济圈的大城市聚集的趋势。④社会消费品零售总额和GDP是影响中国民营上市企业营业收入的主要因素，相对于第二产业，第三产业的主要影响因素更为多变。

关键词: 民营上市企业, 空间格局, 产业结构, 热点城市, 影响因素

Abstract:

Private enterprises are an important force driving China's economic development. Analysis of the spatial pattern and influencing factors of Chinese private listed companies' headquarters is of great significance for understanding the development status of private enterprises and promoting the sustainable development of China's economy. We analyze the China private listed enterprise data from 2008 to 2017, and find that China's private listed companies are mainly concentrated in the East China region represented by the Yangtze River Delta. However, the proportion of private listed companies in East China is declining, while that in the North China region represented by Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region has developed rapidly in recent years, making the national spatial center shift slightly northward. China's private listed enterprises are mainly secondary industries, and the tertiary industry is on the rise, but it is still far less than the secondary industry. The tertiary industry has less hot cities and the spatial agglomeration is weaker. The ratio of the primary industry is tiny, which is about 1%. The secondary and tertiary industries of China's private listed companies have a tendency to gather in the big cities of the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei economic circle. The total retail sales of consumer goods and GDP are the main factors affecting the operating income of private listed companies in China. Compared with the secondary industry, the main influencing factors of the tertiary industry are more variable.

Key words: private listed companies, spatial pattern, industrial structure, hot city, influencing factor

陈青雁, 王鹏, 钟业喜. 中国民营上市企业总部空间格局及影响因素[J]. 世界地理研究, 2020, 29(5): 996-1005.

Qingyan CHEN, Peng WANG, Yexi ZHONG. Spatial pattern and influencing factors of headquarters of China's private listed companies[J]. World Regional Studies, 2020, 29(5): 996-1005.

图/表 8

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参数	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017
企业数量/个	582	705	1001	1235	1333	1365	1468	1650	1892	2205
企业平均营业收入/亿元	16.9	15.6	17.9	21.6	22.8	26.3	28.2	30.5	35.0	41.0
分布城市数量/个	142	148	176	189	195	196	201	210	216	227
城市平均营业收入/亿元	69.1	74.2	101.8	140.8	155.6	183.2	206.1	239.5	306.3	398.4

参数	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017
企业数量/个	582	705	1001	1235	1333	1365	1468	1650	1892	2205
企业平均营业收入/亿元	16.9	15.6	17.9	21.6	22.8	26.3	28.2	30.5	35.0	41.0
分布城市数量/个	142	148	176	189	195	196	201	210	216	227
城市平均营业收入/亿元	69.1	74.2	101.8	140.8	155.6	183.2	206.1	239.5	306.3	398.4

营业收入	地区	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	平均
总营业收入/%	东北	2.4	2.8	2.4	2.3	2.6	2.5	2.5	4.2	4.6	4.5	3.1
	华北	10.3	6.4	6.9	10.1	12.4	13.8	13.6	13.1	13.4	15.2	11.5
	华东	52.1	52.2	50.9	49.0	48.0	46.3	45.7	43.7	43.7	43.4	47.5
	华南	20.2	23.5	21.5	21.3	20.1	22.0	22.7	23.2	22.5	22.2	21.9
	华中	6.0	6.6	7.7	7.6	7.3	5.7	5.9	6.3	6.2	6.5	6.6
	西北	3.6	3.4	3.2	2.6	2.6	2.9	3.1	3.2	3.4	3.1	3.1
	西南	5.4	5.1	7.5	7.0	7.1	6.7	6.6	6.4	6.1	5.1	6.3
第二产业营业收入/%	东北	2.4	2.0	1.6	1.9	2.2	2.2	2.5	2.4	3.3	2.8	2.3
	华北	7.1	6.5	6.3	7.8	10.2	12.1	11.4	11.5	10.9	10.7	9.5
	华东	52.0	50.1	49.4	48.1	47.2	46.0	45.4	44.4	45.8	45.7	47.4
	华南	23.6	26.8	23.8	24.4	22.9	24.6	25.0	25.7	24.8	25.7	24.7
	华中	6.6	7.3	7.1	7.6	7.2	5.2	5.4	6.2	6.2	6.5	6.5
	西北	3.5	3.2	3.1	2.4	2.5	2.9	3.4	3.2	3.1	3.2	3.1
	西南	4.8	4.2	8.7	7.7	8.0	7.0	6.8	6.5	5.9	5.4	6.5
第三产业营业收入/%	东北	2.4	5.0	4.8	3.6	3.7	3.3	2.4	8.2	7.4	7.6	4.8
	华北	18.8	6.2	8.8	17.7	19.0	18.6	19.5	17.4	18.9	23.2	16.8
	华东	52.7	58.1	55.8	51.9	50.4	47.3	46.5	43.6	40.8	40.3	48.7
	华南	11.1	14.5	14.2	11.5	12.0	15.2	16.5	15.4	16.2	15.1	14.2
	华中	4.1	4.3	9.0	7.2	7.3	6.5	6.8	5.9	5.7	6.0	6.3
	西北	3.7	4.0	3.5	3.5	3.0	3.1	2.3	3.1	4.2	3.1	3.4
	西南	7.1	7.8	4.0	4.6	4.7	6.0	5.9	6.4	6.8	4.7	5.8

营业收入	地区	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	平均
总营业收入/%	东北	2.4	2.8	2.4	2.3	2.6	2.5	2.5	4.2	4.6	4.5	3.1
	华北	10.3	6.4	6.9	10.1	12.4	13.8	13.6	13.1	13.4	15.2	11.5
	华东	52.1	52.2	50.9	49.0	48.0	46.3	45.7	43.7	43.7	43.4	47.5
	华南	20.2	23.5	21.5	21.3	20.1	22.0	22.7	23.2	22.5	22.2	21.9
	华中	6.0	6.6	7.7	7.6	7.3	5.7	5.9	6.3	6.2	6.5	6.6
	西北	3.6	3.4	3.2	2.6	2.6	2.9	3.1	3.2	3.4	3.1	3.1
	西南	5.4	5.1	7.5	7.0	7.1	6.7	6.6	6.4	6.1	5.1	6.3
第二产业营业收入/%	东北	2.4	2.0	1.6	1.9	2.2	2.2	2.5	2.4	3.3	2.8	2.3
	华北	7.1	6.5	6.3	7.8	10.2	12.1	11.4	11.5	10.9	10.7	9.5
	华东	52.0	50.1	49.4	48.1	47.2	46.0	45.4	44.4	45.8	45.7	47.4
	华南	23.6	26.8	23.8	24.4	22.9	24.6	25.0	25.7	24.8	25.7	24.7
	华中	6.6	7.3	7.1	7.6	7.2	5.2	5.4	6.2	6.2	6.5	6.5
	西北	3.5	3.2	3.1	2.4	2.5	2.9	3.4	3.2	3.1	3.2	3.1
	西南	4.8	4.2	8.7	7.7	8.0	7.0	6.8	6.5	5.9	5.4	6.5
第三产业营业收入/%	东北	2.4	5.0	4.8	3.6	3.7	3.3	2.4	8.2	7.4	7.6	4.8
	华北	18.8	6.2	8.8	17.7	19.0	18.6	19.5	17.4	18.9	23.2	16.8
	华东	52.7	58.1	55.8	51.9	50.4	47.3	46.5	43.6	40.8	40.3	48.7
	华南	11.1	14.5	14.2	11.5	12.0	15.2	16.5	15.4	16.2	15.1	14.2
	华中	4.1	4.3	9.0	7.2	7.3	6.5	6.8	5.9	5.7	6.0	6.3
	西北	3.7	4.0	3.5	3.5	3.0	3.1	2.3	3.1	4.2	3.1	3.4
	西南	7.1	7.8	4.0	4.6	4.7	6.0	5.9	6.4	6.8	4.7	5.8

企业	指数	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017
民营上市企业	Moran’s I指数	0.133	0.120	0.145	0.152	0.087	0.092	0.092	0.071	0.079	0.127
民营上市企业	p值	0.000	0.003	0.000	0.005	0.014	0.009	0.006	0.020	0.011	0.002
民营上市企业第二产业	Moran’s I指数	0.088	0.175	0.199	0.195	0.123	0.141	0.143	0.119	0.122	0.200
民营上市企业第二产业	p值	0.002	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.002	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
民营上市企业第三产业	Moran’s I指数	-0.030	-0.024	-0.007	-0.001	0.002	-0.008	-0.012	-0.019	-0.043	0.009
民营上市企业第三产业	p值	0.776	0.855	0.853	0.902	0.787	0.922	0.975	0.893	0.402	0.493