新冠疫情下城市应急医疗设施空间配置评价研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.01.2021128

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过数据实证分析COVID-19期间武汉市应急医疗设施的空间配置特征，构建武汉市疫情暴发期间的应急医疗设施空间配置评价体系，运用两步移动搜寻法等方法对武汉市应急医疗资源配置进行评价，提出其空间配置中的不足。研究发现，COVID-19暴发期间武汉的应急医疗设施的空间分布以核心城区为主，开放床位多集中在传统城市中心地区，周边地区的应急医疗设施空间配置上仍有不足；应急医疗设施的配置存在较大的缺口，空间分布不均衡，且综合可达性较差，可服务的研究单元较为局限，应急设施的就医可达性由城市中心从内向外依次降低。

关键词: COVID-19, 武汉市, 公共服务设施, 应急医疗设施, 选址, 空间格局, 疫情防控

Abstract:

Using the specific data of emergency medical facilities in Wuhan city during COVID-19, the study built an evaluation system of space allocation of emergency medical facilities during the outbreak of the pandemic in Wuhan by using the method of 2SFCA to evaluate the allocation of medical resources in Wuhan in pandemic time. The study finds that the spatial distribution of emergency medical facilities in Wuhan during COVID-19 is mainly in the core urban area, and most of the serving beds are in the traditional central area, while the spatial configuration of emergency medical facilities in the surrounding areas is still insufficient. There are large gaps in the configuration of emergency medical facilities, with uneven spatial distribution. With poor accessibility and limited research units that can be served, the accessibility of emergency facilities decreases from the urban center from the inside to the outside.

Key words: COVID-19, Wuhan city, public service facilities, emergency medical facilities, location, spatial pattern, pandemic prevention and control

韩昊英, 陈宇, 张小东, 蒋懿康. 新冠疫情下城市应急医疗设施空间配置评价研究[J]. 世界地理研究, 2023, 32(1): 162-173.

Haoying HAN, Yu CHEN, Xiaodong ZHANG, Yikang JIANG. Study on spatial allocation evaluation of urban emergency medical facilities: A case study of COVID-19 in Wuhan[J]. World Regional Studies, 2023, 32(1): 162-173.

图/表 11

图1 研究技术路线

Fig.1 The technical route

图2 武汉市1.5km网格内拥有各类医院数量

Fig.2 Number of hospitals in Wuhan within 1.5km grid

图3 武汉市各研究单元内到最邻近医院的距离分布（a）、人口分布和医院设施（b）分布图

Fig.3 Distances from each units to the nearest hospitals（a） and population，hospitals distributions（b） in Wuhan

图4 研究期间武汉市应急医疗设施分布图

Fig.4 Map of emergency medical facilities in Wuhan during study period

表1 武汉市应急医疗设施分布的最近邻距离指数及其参数

Tab.1 NNI and its parameters of emergency medical facilities in Wuhan

应急医疗设施	样本量/个	最邻近指数（NNI）	Z值	显著水平
定点医院（含集中收治医院）	48	0.78	-2.84	1%
方舱医院	16	1.14	1.09	不显著

图5 研究期间武汉市应急医疗设施床位核密度分布

Fig.5 Kernel density distribution map of emergency medical facility beds in Wuhan during study period

表2 研究期间武汉市应急医疗设施对各研究单元内可达性

Tab.2 The accessibility to emergency medical facilities within each units in Wuhan during study period

阈值距离/米	最邻近距离/米	研究单元数量	占比	阈值距离/米	最邻近距离/米	研究单元数量	占比	阈值距离/米	最邻近距离/米	研究单元数量	占比
3000	0	75	46.3%	4000	1 001~1 500	3	1.85%	5000	1 001~1 500	1	0.62%
	1~1 000	2	1.2%		1 501~2 000	2	1.23%		1 501~2 000	2	1.23%
	1 001~1 500	4	2.5%		2 001~2 500	5	3.09%		2 001~2 500	2	1.23%
	1 501~2 000	8	4.9%		2 501~3 000	10	6.17%		2 501~3 000	5	3.09%
	2 001~2 500	24	14.9%		3 001~3 500	18	11.1%		3 001~3 500	6	3.7%
	2 501~3 000	49	30.2%		3 501~4 000	59	36.43%		3 501~4 000	7	4.32%
4000	0	64	39.51%	5000	0	54	33.3%		4 001~4 500	20	12.35%
4000	1~1 000	1	0.62%	5000	1~1 000	1	0.62%		4 501~5 000	64	39.51%

图6 阈值距离为3 000米、4 000米和5 000米时的应急医疗设施可达性分布图

Fig.6 Accessibility maps for emergency medical facilities at threshold distances of 3000， 4000 and 5000 meters

表3 研究期间武汉市应急医疗设施在各研究单元内的每千人床位数

Tab.3 Emergency medical facilities in each units in Wuhan per thousand beds during study period

街道名称	人口数/人	应急设施床位数量/个	每千人床位数/个
吴家山街道	115 067	0	0.00
走马岭街道	26 744	0	0.00
将军路街道	42 259	2 684	63.51
塔子湖街道	60 000	4 499	74.98
永清街道	18 545	3 665	197.63
...	...	...	...
六指店街道	62 508	0	0.00
前川街道	190 978	671	3.51

图7 研究期间武汉市应急医疗设施对各研究单元内每千人床位数空间分布

Fig.7 Spatial distribution map of emergency medical facilities per 1 000 people in every units in Wuhan during study period

图8 洛伦兹曲线评价法曲线拟合图

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