广西边境民族地区旅游扶贫效率测度与时空演化分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2021.02.2019525

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

广西边境民族地区旅游扶贫是我国脱贫攻坚的重要组成部分。通过数据包络分析（DEA）测算广西边境民族地区2011—2017年的旅游扶贫效率，结合Malmquist指数进行跨期动态分析，并运用ArcGIS10.0进行时空演化特征分析。结果表明：1）广西边境民族地区旅游扶贫效率处于中等偏高水平，各县（市、区）旅游扶贫综合效率时空分布差异较大，主要受纯技术效率影响；2）广西边境民族地区整体旅游扶贫Malmquist指数总体处于逐步衰退的趋势，其中规模效率变化指数贡献最大，纯技术效率变化指数次之；3）从投入产出效率角度分析，广西边境民族地区旅游扶贫效率随时间的变化表现出空间集聚态势增强的趋势，聚集程度增加；4）旅游扶贫效率类型主要分为潜力型、发展型、成熟型和衰退型4种类型，少数县（市、区）旅游扶贫效果不明显。

关键词: 旅游扶贫效率, 时空演化, DEA模型, 边境民族地区, 广西

Abstract:

Tourism poverty alleviation is an important part of poverty alleviation in China. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) was used to measure the poverty alleviation efficiency of tourism in Guangxi border ethnic areas from 2011 to 2017, inter-phase dynamic analysis was conducted by combining Malmquist index.Results show that: 1)The comprehensive tourism poverty alleviation efficiency of each county fluctuates in the time series. In decomposition efficiency, tourism poverty alleviation comprehensive efficiency mainly depends on the pure technical efficiency.2)Overall tourism poverty alleviation Malmquist index of ethnic minority areas shows a gradual decline. In decomposition efficiency, scale efficiency change is the largest contribution to the index, pure technical efficiency change index, index of efficiency and technical progress is the main factor restricting tourism poverty alleviation efficiency from the point of space distribution.3) Comprehensive efficiency, pure technology efficiency and scale efficiency of tourism poverty alleviation in Guangxi border ethnic areas have spatial agglomeration.4) From the perspective of the distribution of poverty alleviation efficiency types, there are four types: potential type, development type, mature type and recession type. However, there are still a few counties which the effect of tourism poverty alleviation is not obvious.

Key words: tourism poverty alleviation efficiency, spatial-temporal evolution, DEA model, ethnic border area, Guangxi

徐少癸, 方世巧, 甘永萍, 覃小华. 广西边境民族地区旅游扶贫效率测度与时空演化分析[J]. 世界地理研究, 2021, 30(2): 367-377.

Shaogui XU, Shiqiao FANG, Yongping GAN, Xiaohua QIN. Measurement and spatio-temporal evolution of tourism poverty alleviation efficiency in Guangxi border ethnic areas[J]. World Regional Studies, 2021, 30(2): 367-377.

图/表 7

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类型	评价指标	单位	测算公式	指标说明
投入指标	人均旅游综合收入	万元/人	旅游总收入/总人口	反映旅游业发展成效以及潜力
投入指标	人均接待游客数量	人	接待游客人数/总人口	反映旅游业发展的带动效应
产出指标	人均GDP	元	GDP/总人口	反映当地经济发展程度
	农村居民人均可支配收入旅游贡献额	万元	农村居民人均可支配收入×旅游经济贡献率	反映农村居民旅游收入水平
	城镇化率	%	城镇人口/总人口	反映社会经济发展水平
	森林覆盖率	%	绿地和森林面积/国土总面积	反映旅游区域生态环境程度

类型	评价指标	单位	测算公式	指标说明
投入指标	人均旅游综合收入	万元/人	旅游总收入/总人口	反映旅游业发展成效以及潜力
投入指标	人均接待游客数量	人	接待游客人数/总人口	反映旅游业发展的带动效应
产出指标	人均GDP	元	GDP/总人口	反映当地经济发展程度
	农村居民人均可支配收入旅游贡献额	万元	农村居民人均可支配收入×旅游经济贡献率	反映农村居民旅游收入水平
	城镇化率	%	城镇人口/总人口	反映社会经济发展水平
	森林覆盖率	%	绿地和森林面积/国土总面积	反映旅游区域生态环境程度

县（市、区）	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	均值	排名
右江区	0.234	0.319	0.360	1.000	0.319	0.376	0.376	0.426	15
田阳县	0.255	0.249	0.506	0.619	0.798	0.884	0.838	0.593	12
田东县	0.238	0.433	0.828	0.920	1.000	1.000	0.975	0.771	9
平果县	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1
德保县	0.485	1.000	0.780	0.840	0.892	0.948	1.000	0.849	7
凌云县	0.659	0.632	0.898	0.953	1.000	1.000	1.000	0.877	5
乐业县	1.000	1.000	0.831	1.000	0.998	0.911	0.815	0.936	2
靖西市	0.329	0.500	0.819	1.000	1.000	0.627	0.606	0.697	11
江州区	0.401	0.690	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	0.870	6
扶绥县	0.354	0.882	1.000	0.986	1.000	1.000	1.000	0.889	3
宁明县	0.241	0.607	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	0.841	0.813	8
龙州县	0.190	0.380	0.618	0.904	1.000	0.433	0.411	0.562	13
大新县	0.316	0.270	0.377	0.698	0.944	0.396	0.405	0.487	14
凭祥市	0.088	0.099	0.167	0.617	0.163	0.170	0.185	0.213	18
防城区	0.145	0.220	0.358	0.393	0.484	0.636	0.731	0.424	16
港口区	0.300	0.852	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	0.879	4
上思县	0.723	0.469	0.605	1.000	0.819	0.829	0.920	0.766	10
东兴市	0.490	0.089	0.213	0.294	0.301	0.229	0.286	0.272	17
均值	0.414	0.538	0.687	0.846	0.818	0.747	0.744	0.685

县（市、区）	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	均值	排名
右江区	0.234	0.319	0.360	1.000	0.319	0.376	0.376	0.426	15
田阳县	0.255	0.249	0.506	0.619	0.798	0.884	0.838	0.593	12
田东县	0.238	0.433	0.828	0.920	1.000	1.000	0.975	0.771	9
平果县	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1
德保县	0.485	1.000	0.780	0.840	0.892	0.948	1.000	0.849	7
凌云县	0.659	0.632	0.898	0.953	1.000	1.000	1.000	0.877	5
乐业县	1.000	1.000	0.831	1.000	0.998	0.911	0.815	0.936	2
靖西市	0.329	0.500	0.819	1.000	1.000	0.627	0.606	0.697	11
江州区	0.401	0.690	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	0.870	6
扶绥县	0.354	0.882	1.000	0.986	1.000	1.000	1.000	0.889	3
宁明县	0.241	0.607	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	0.841	0.813	8
龙州县	0.190	0.380	0.618	0.904	1.000	0.433	0.411	0.562	13
大新县	0.316	0.270	0.377	0.698	0.944	0.396	0.405	0.487	14
凭祥市	0.088	0.099	0.167	0.617	0.163	0.170	0.185	0.213	18
防城区	0.145	0.220	0.358	0.393	0.484	0.636	0.731	0.424	16
港口区	0.300	0.852	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	0.879	4
上思县	0.723	0.469	0.605	1.000	0.819	0.829	0.920	0.766	10
东兴市	0.490	0.089	0.213	0.294	0.301	0.229	0.286	0.272	17
均值	0.414	0.538	0.687	0.846	0.818	0.747	0.744	0.685

维度	地区/时间	Effch	Techch	Pech	Sech	Tfpch	排名
空间	右江区	1.082	0.832	0.869	1.245	0.900	5
	田阳县	1.219	0.715	1.179	1.034	0.872	10
	田东县	1.265	0.713	1.176	1.076	0.903	4
	平果县	1	0.688	1	1	0.688	18
	德保县	1.128	0.781	1.123	1.005	0.881	8
	凌云县	1.072	0.826	1.071	1.001	0.885	7
	乐业县	0.966	0.908	1	0.966	0.878	9
	靖西市	1.107	0.663	1.099	1.007	0.734	17
	江州区	1.165	0.732	1	1.165	0.852	15
	扶绥县	1.189	0.845	1.011	1.176	1.004	1
	宁明县	1.232	0.681	1.032	1.193	0.839	16
	龙州县	1.137	0.760	0.950	1.197	0.864	12
	大新县	1.042	0.836	0.993	1.050	0.871	11
	凭祥市	1.131	0.794	1.002	1.129	0.898	6
	防城区	1.310	0.746	1.166	1.124	0.977	2
	港口区	1.222	0.745	1	1.222	0.910	3
	上思县	1.041	0.829	0.994	1.047	0.863	13
	东兴市	0.914	0.936	1	0.914	0.855	14
	均值	1.119	0.776	1.034	1.082	0.868
时间	2011—2012	1.272	0.801	1.022	1.245	1.018
	2012—2013	1.396	0.535	1.219	1.145	0.747
	2013—2014	1.324	0.807	1.087	1.218	1.068
	2014—2015	0.916	0.857	1.058	0.866	0.785
	2015—2016	0.901	0.910	0.892	1.009	0.820
	2016—2017	1.010	0.809	0.955	1.058	0.817
	均值	1.119	0.776	1.034	1.082	0.868