边界效应下居民跨珠海-澳门边界活动特征与机制分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2022.03.2020810

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

作为跨行政等级主体的澳门，与大湾区其他城市之间存在制度与地理双重边界，跨珠海-澳门（珠澳）边界活动更具复杂性。以珠海拱北口岸的跨边界大湾区居民作为研究对象，根据身份属性将其分为内地访澳旅客、内地通勤劳工、来陆娱购澳人以及在陆居住澳人四大类。通过问卷调查与深度访谈，采用时空路径和2-模社会网络分析的方法，探究在边界效应作用下居民跨边界活动的时空特征及社会交往特征，并对跨边界活动的影响机制进行分析。研究发现：边界效应下大湾区居民跨珠澳边界活动空间的交互性不足，个人活动主要集中在局部空间。在局部空间下，内地访澳旅客与来陆娱购澳人跨边界活动内容和交往对象单一，活动交往以工具性联系为主，缺乏信息与感情的传递；内地通勤劳工跨边界交往对象多样化，社会网络密度较大，但社会网络往往是由“强关系”创造的人情网，社会文化边界仍有待消融；在陆居住澳人跨边界社会网络密度以及联系多样性较大，具有良好的社会交互预期。居民的跨珠澳边界活动受到一国两制与通行制度制约、异质文化与梯度经济吸引以及社会心理与差异性政策调节的共同作用。

关键词: 边界, 活动, 时空路径, 社会网络, 澳门

Abstract:

With the integration of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, the flow of people between cities accelerated. But because of the physical and institutional border between Macao and Chinese mainland, residents' cross-border activities are complex. In this paper, residents across the Zhuhai-Macao border were divided into four categories: mainland tourists visiting Macao, mainland workers commuting to Macao, Macanese in Zhuhai for consumption and Macanese in Zhuhai for residency. In order to study their cross-border activities, questionnaire surveys and in-depth interviews were conducted at Gongbei Port in Zhuhai. With the description of space-time path and the construction of 2-mode society network, this paper explored the characteristics of residents' cross-border activities and analyzed the mechanism of cross-border activities. The results found that under the border effect, residents' cross-border activity space is limited in certain places and in activities they show different social preferences. Mainland tourists visiting Macao mainly visit some tourist attractions and Macanese in Zhuhai for consumption mainly visit shopping districts in Zhuhai, especially Gongbei. Mainland workers commuting to Macao are more likely to live in the surrounding of Gongbei Port. Their cross-border social networks are often constructed by "strong relationships". Macanese in Zhuhai for residency also mainly live in Gongbei and Hengqing. Residents' activities across the Zhuhai-Macao border are restricted by the "one country, two systems" and differential customs policies. But attracted by heterogeneous culture, mainland residents cross the border for leisure and entertainment. Residents on both sides of the border utilize the economic opportunities to organize cross-border activities. Last, social-psychological factors and differential regulations play an important role in adjusting cross-border activities.

Key words: border, activity, space-time path, social network, Macao

郑晴晴, 周素红, 文萍. 边界效应下居民跨珠海-澳门边界活动特征与机制分析[J]. 世界地理研究, 2022, 31(3): 662-672.

Qingqing ZHENG, Suhong ZHOU, Ping WEN. Characteristics and mechanism of residents' cross-border activities between Zhuhai and Macao under the border effect[J]. World Regional Studies, 2022, 31(3): 662-672.

图/表 8

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指标		群体
指标		内地访澳旅客	内地通勤劳工	来陆娱购澳人	在陆居住澳人
样本数量/人		42	48	24	8
社会联系数量/次		47	100	28	12
性别 / %	男	42.86	75.00	41.67	62.50
性别 / %	女	57.14	25.00	58.33	37.50
年龄 /%	18岁以下	2.38	0.00	4.17	0
	18~24岁	33.33	31.25	8.33	37.50
	25~40岁	42.86	43.75	20.83	37.50
	41~60岁	14.29	22.92	20.83	25.00
	60岁以上	7.14	2.08	45.83	0
文化程度 / %	小学及以下	4.76	8.33	25.00	0
	初中	7.14	25.00	29.17	0
	高中	21.43	31.25	33.33	25.00
	大专/中专	28.57	16.67	8.33	50.00
	本科及以上	38.10	18.75	4.17	25.00
个人年收入/%	少于5万元	42.86	35.42	58.33	0
	5~10万元	28.57	56.25	25.00	37.50
	10~20万元	21.43	8.33	12.50	50.00
	20万元以上	7.14	0	4.17	12.50

指标		群体
指标		内地访澳旅客	内地通勤劳工	来陆娱购澳人	在陆居住澳人
样本数量/人		42	48	24	8
社会联系数量/次		47	100	28	12
性别 / %	男	42.86	75.00	41.67	62.50
性别 / %	女	57.14	25.00	58.33	37.50
年龄 /%	18岁以下	2.38	0.00	4.17	0
	18~24岁	33.33	31.25	8.33	37.50
	25~40岁	42.86	43.75	20.83	37.50
	41~60岁	14.29	22.92	20.83	25.00
	60岁以上	7.14	2.08	45.83	0
文化程度 / %	小学及以下	4.76	8.33	25.00	0
	初中	7.14	25.00	29.17	0
	高中	21.43	31.25	33.33	25.00
	大专/中专	28.57	16.67	8.33	50.00
	本科及以上	38.10	18.75	4.17	25.00
个人年收入/%	少于5万元	42.86	35.42	58.33	0
	5~10万元	28.57	56.25	25.00	37.50
	10~20万元	21.43	8.33	12.50	50.00
	20万元以上	7.14	0	4.17	12.50

活动类型	群体
活动类型	内地访澳旅客	内地通勤劳工	来陆娱购澳人	在陆居住澳人
休闲活动	61.90	8.33	20.83	12.50
购物活动	35.71	25.00	62.50	37.50
工作活动	7.14	100.00	8.33	12.50
社交活动	11.90	10.42	16.67	25.00
其他	9.52	4.17	8.33	100.00

活动类型	群体
活动类型	内地访澳旅客	内地通勤劳工	来陆娱购澳人	在陆居住澳人
休闲活动	61.90	8.33	20.83	12.50
购物活动	35.71	25.00	62.50	37.50
工作活动	7.14	100.00	8.33	12.50
社交活动	11.90	10.42	16.67	25.00
其他	9.52	4.17	8.33	100.00

跨边界群体	主要活动空间	空间属性
内地访澳旅客	大三巴牌坊、威尼斯人、新八佰伴、议事厅前地、大炮台、娱乐城等	景点、购物中心
内地通勤劳工	工作在商圈、酒店、景点等；居住在拱北口岸附近，小部分在较远的斗门、坦洲等地	居住地-工作地
来陆娱购澳人	拱北口岸周边的市场及商业圈为主，小部分到达珠海华发商都、扬名广场、海滨公园等	商圈
在陆居住澳人	居住在拱北口岸附近小区，越来越多澳人经横琴口岸到横琴新区居住	工作地-居住地