重庆市主城区休闲设施空间格局变化及其解释

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2022.05.2020526

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

休闲设施作为城市休闲空间的物质形态载体，为城市居民提供多种休闲娱乐功能。依托城市的不断发展，休闲设施也随之呈现出空间结构异质性。基于POI大数据，运用GIS平台及地理探测器，对重庆主城区休闲设施空间格局进行探析，结果表明：（1）在数量特征上，研究区内休闲设施总量呈上升趋势，随距离变化表现出明显空间尺度依赖，各类设施在不同空间尺度下的分布数量存在差异。（2）休闲设施总体空间分布呈显著集聚特征，由于设施总量逐年增加，各类休闲设施空间集聚程度逐渐降低。（3）休闲设施整体为“大聚集，小分散”的多中心分布态势，并逐步由集聚中心向城市外围区域扩张。康娱游憩类演化特征与总体近似，文化休闲类设施集中分布于沙坪坝东南部与渝中区两江交汇处，休闲旅游类表现为“大分散，小集聚”的空间特征，专项休闲类呈带状连片分布态势。（4）常住人口密度、道路密度、距离市中心距离、旅游收入等是重庆市主城区休闲设施空间格局变化的重要影响因素，各影响因子在三个时间节点解释程度有所不同。对于休闲设施格局变化的研究旨在为休闲设施经营者投资选址提供参考，为政府决策者合理布局休闲空间提供依据。

关键词: 休闲设施, 空间格局, 影响因素, 重庆主城区

Abstract:

Based on large POI data, GIS platform and geographic detector, leisure facilities spatial pattern of central Chongqing is analyzed. The results show that: (1) All kinds of leisure facilities in the research area generally show an increasing trend. Facilities for leisure and entertainment accounted for the largest proportion of growth, followed by special leisure facilities, and the smallest difference in the number of leisure and tourism facilities. (2) The overall spatial distribution of leisure facilities in central Chongqing is significantly concentrated, but the spatial concentration of all kinds of leisure facilities gradually decreases. (3) Kernel density of leisure facilities shows that the high-density areas are mainly concentrated in the Jiefangbei district, Guanyinqiao district, Shapingba district, Yangjiaping district and Nanping district, and formed a "center-periphery" spatial pattern. Cultural leisure facilities are concentrated at the intersection of two rivers in the southeast of Shapingba and Yuzhong district. The spatial distribution characteristics of leisure tourism are dispersed in the outing of the city. (4) The density of the permanent resident population, road density, distance from the city center, and tourism income are the important factors influencing the distribution of leisure facilities in the main urban area of Chongqing. Moreover, there are differences in the influence degree of various kinds of leisure facilities. The study on the change of the overall leisure facilities aims to provide references for the investment site selection of leisure facilities operators, provide a data basis for the government decision makers to rationalize the layout of leisure space, and provide theoretical guidance for the current urban space development and urban planning.

Key words: leisure facilities, spatial pattern, influencing factors, central Chongqing

孟克祖勒, 阎建忠, 王三. 重庆市主城区休闲设施空间格局变化及其解释[J]. 世界地理研究, 2022, 31(5): 1057-1069.

Kezule MENG, Jianzhong YAN, San WANG. Spatial pattern evolution and interpretation of leisure facilities in central Chongqing[J]. World Regional Studies, 2022, 31(5): 1057-1069.

图/表 7

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一级类	二级类	基本类型
休闲旅游类	风景名胜景点	天然观光景点、湿地公园、地质公园、森林公园、自然保护区
休闲旅游类	生物休闲类	植物园、动物园
文化休闲类	文化场馆类	纪念馆、博物馆、艺术馆、图书馆、科技馆
文化休闲类	人文综合类	古镇、故居、特色村镇、历史遗迹、祭祀与宗教活动场所
康娱游憩类	公共游憩类	城市广场、公园广场、休闲主题街区
	餐饮休闲类	特色餐厅、酒吧、咖啡厅、茶馆
	购物休闲类	购物中心（商场）、商业街
	体育健身类	体育馆、体育公园、健身馆
	保健疗养类	大型沐浴与spa场所、大型美容院、足疗保健
	娱乐休闲类	影院、KTV、娱乐城、网咖、棋牌室
专项休闲类	产业休闲类	休闲农庄、采摘园
专项休闲类	其他专项类	房车营地、度假宿营地、户外探险

一级类	二级类	基本类型
休闲旅游类	风景名胜景点	天然观光景点、湿地公园、地质公园、森林公园、自然保护区
休闲旅游类	生物休闲类	植物园、动物园
文化休闲类	文化场馆类	纪念馆、博物馆、艺术馆、图书馆、科技馆
文化休闲类	人文综合类	古镇、故居、特色村镇、历史遗迹、祭祀与宗教活动场所
康娱游憩类	公共游憩类	城市广场、公园广场、休闲主题街区
	餐饮休闲类	特色餐厅、酒吧、咖啡厅、茶馆
	购物休闲类	购物中心（商场）、商业街
	体育健身类	体育馆、体育公园、健身馆
	保健疗养类	大型沐浴与spa场所、大型美容院、足疗保健
	娱乐休闲类	影院、KTV、娱乐城、网咖、棋牌室
专项休闲类	产业休闲类	休闲农庄、采摘园
专项休闲类	其他专项类	房车营地、度假宿营地、户外探险

设施分类		2020年		2015年		2010年
设施分类		数量	比重	数量	比重	数量	比重
康娱游憩类	保健疗养	2 745	6.98%	2 024	6.17%	1 956	7.13%
	餐饮	26 828	68.22%	23 737	72.34%	21 068	76.79%
	公共游憩	328	0.83%	164	0.50%	92	0.34%
	购物休闲	652	1.66%	554	1.69%	234	0.85%
	体育健身	1 725	4.39%	1 152	3.51%	404	1.47%
	休闲娱乐	4 680	11.90%	3 700	11.28%	2 652	9.67%
文化休闲类	人文综合	354	0.90%	332	1.01%	300	1.09%
文化休闲类	文化场馆	135	0.34%	98	0.30%	52	0.19%
休闲旅游类	风景名胜	229	0.58%	202	0.62%	183	0.67%
休闲旅游类	自然综合	20	0.05%	13	0.04%	11	0.04%
专项休闲类	产业休闲	1 605	4.08%	830	2.53%	481	1.75%
专项休闲类	其他专项	22	0.06%	9	0.03%	3	0.01%
总计		39 323	100.00%	32 815	100.00%	27 436	100.00%

设施分类		2020年		2015年		2010年
设施分类		数量	比重	数量	比重	数量	比重
康娱游憩类	保健疗养	2 745	6.98%	2 024	6.17%	1 956	7.13%
	餐饮	26 828	68.22%	23 737	72.34%	21 068	76.79%
	公共游憩	328	0.83%	164	0.50%	92	0.34%
	购物休闲	652	1.66%	554	1.69%	234	0.85%
	体育健身	1 725	4.39%	1 152	3.51%	404	1.47%
	休闲娱乐	4 680	11.90%	3 700	11.28%	2 652	9.67%
文化休闲类	人文综合	354	0.90%	332	1.01%	300	1.09%
文化休闲类	文化场馆	135	0.34%	98	0.30%	52	0.19%
休闲旅游类	风景名胜	229	0.58%	202	0.62%	183	0.67%
休闲旅游类	自然综合	20	0.05%	13	0.04%	11	0.04%
专项休闲类	产业休闲	1 605	4.08%	830	2.53%	481	1.75%
专项休闲类	其他专项	22	0.06%	9	0.03%	3	0.01%
总计		39 323	100.00%	32 815	100.00%	27 436	100.00%

类别	年份	平均最邻近距离/m	期望最邻近距离/m	最邻近距离指数NNI	Z值
总体	2010	40.326	246.018	0.164	-264.937
	2015	41.789	229.360	0.182	-283.411
	2020	40.124	211.386	0.189	-307.353
休闲旅游	2010	1 776.960	2 836.845	0.626	-9.955
	2015	1 602.903	2 694.743	0.595	-11.366
	2020	1 506.140	2 500.596	0.602	-12.005
康娱游憩	2010	32.224	238.995	0.135	-268.957
	2015	34.657	228.146	0.152	-287.184
	2020	41.051	217.000	0.189	-298.202
文化休闲	2010	1 151.079	2 097.819	0.549	-16.198
	2015	1 028.532	1 898.040	0.542	-18.173
	2020	978.917	1 712.094	0.572	-18.116
专项休闲	2010	585.306	1 671.912	0.350	-27.353
	2015	526.680	1 363.604	0.386	-34.010
	2020	414.272	1 030.725	0.402	-46.151