基于旅游评论数据的旅游地客源市场空间结构探析与理论修正

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.05.2021207

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旅游地客源市场空间结构研究是旅游地理的基础内容，现有研究多针对单一旅游地的客源市场空间分布进行实证研究，未对不同类型旅游地的客源市场空间结构差异进行规律总结。基于资源-区位角度，提出旅游地客源市场空间结构的新解释框架，利用旅游在线评论，验证了不同类型旅游地客源市场空间结构新解释框架的合理性与科学性。研究发现：（1）资源和区位条件是影响旅游地客源市场空间结构的重要因素；（2）随着资源独特性和区位优势的提升，客源市场的分布逐渐分散，各类旅游地客源市场空间的地理集中指数愈发相近。普通型旅游地（开封、焦作）的核心市场范围延伸到800 km左右，独特型旅游地的核心市场范围延伸到1 250 km以上；（3）区位条件决定旅游地客源距离衰减的速度，旅游资源吸引力影响距离衰减的形态。该研究贡献在于明晰了不同类型旅游地客源市场空间结构的差异，并修正了经典客源市场距离衰减理论。

关键词: 旅游地客源市场, 空间结构, 距离衰减, 地理集中指数, 资源-区位

Abstract:

The spatial structure of tourist origins in tourist destinations is the basic study of tourism geography. Most of the existing studies focus on the spatial distribution of tourist origins in a single destination, but fail to summarize the differences in the spatial structure of tourist source market in different types of destinations. Based on resource location, this study proposed a new explanatory framework for the spatial structure of tourist source markets of tourist destinations, and verified the rationality and scientificity of the new explanatory framework for the spatial structure of tourist source markets of different types of tourist destinations by using online tourism reviews. The results show that: (1) Resources and location conditions are the important factors that affect the spatial structure of the tourist source market. (2) With the improvement of resource uniqueness and location advantage, the distribution of tourist source markets is gradually dispersed, and the geographical concentration index of tourist source market space of various tourist destinations is increasingly similar. The core market of ordinary tourist destinations (Changshu and Jiaozuo) extends to about 800km, while the core market of unique tourist destinations extends to more than 1250km. (3) Location determines the speed of distance attenuation of destination, and the attraction of tourism resources affects the form. The research contribution of this paper lies in clarifying the differences in spatial structure of tourist source markets in five different types, and revising the classical theory of distance attenuation of tourist source markets.

Key words: tourist source market, spatial structure, distance attenuation, Geographic concentration index, resource-location

刘逸, 陈海龙, 曹轶涵. 基于旅游评论数据的旅游地客源市场空间结构探析与理论修正[J]. 世界地理研究, 2023, 32(5): 113-124.

Yi LIU, Hailong CHEN, Yihan CAO. Analysis and theoretical modification of the spatial structure of tourist source market based on tourism review data[J]. World Regional Studies, 2023, 32(5): 113-124.

图/表 9

表1 资源和区位条件分类标准

Tab.1 Classification criteria for resources and location conditions

资源条件	独特	普通	区位条件	优	中	差
游客量	大	中等	航线	本地/邻近市直飞多	本地/邻近市直飞少	本地/邻近市中转/没有
资源吸引力	强	一般	铁路网	高铁	高铁/普快	普快/没有
关注度	百度指数和谷歌趋势搜索量大	百度指数和谷歌趋势搜索量一般	公路网	密集	一般	稀疏
			周转量	大	中	小
			交通枢纽	全国性枢纽	邻近全国性枢纽	与全国性枢纽相距较远

图1 基于资源-区位的旅游地客源市场空间

Fig.1 Tourist source space of tourist destinations based on resource-location

表2 旅游地地理集中指数与客源吸引半径

Tab.2 Geographic concentration index and tourist attraction radius of tourist destinations

地点	开封	焦作	黄山	阳朔	喀纳斯
G	18.85	20.20	23.00	23.44	23.58
AR/km	478.12	361.26	548.21	1 161.36	2 994.00

图2 开封客源市场空间分布注：基于国家测绘地理信息局标准地图服务网站审图号为GS（2016）1603号的标准地图制作，底图无修改，本文地图皆同。

Fig.2 Spatial distribution of tourist source market in Kaifeng

图3 焦作客源市场空间分布

Fig.3 Spatial distribution of tourist source market in Jiaozuo

图4 黄山客源市场空间分布

Fig.4 Spatial distribution of tourist source market in Huangshan

图5 阳朔客源市场空间分布

Fig.5 Spatial distribution of tourist source market in Yangshuo

图6 喀纳斯客源市场空间分布

Fig.6 Spatial distribution of tourist source market in Kanas

图7 各旅游地客源市场分布曲线

Fig.7 The distribution curve of source market of each tourist destination

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