近十年中国客运航空网络空间结构演化及分析研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2021.06.2020231

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以2010、2015、2019年冬春航季我国客运航空网络为研究对象，采用标准差椭圆与复杂网络相关指标，对指标进行反距离权重法插值，分析十年来我国客运航空网络空间结构演化特征。发现：1）从机场空间来看，西部地区机场数量处于相对增长状态，同时西北机场群布局中心向西北方向移动，而其余五大机场群布局稳定，使得机场布局中心逐渐西移，有均衡布局趋势；2）从航线网络来看，规模增长迅速，由于高度值节点地位稳定，低度值节点占比减少，使得度分布集聚性增加，另外网络运输效率与节点可达性呈增长趋势，平均度值附近高聚类系数节点增加，网络层级加强，但网络小世界特征有所减弱；3）从节点中心性来看，成都、西安、重庆3个城市接近中心性与介数中心性增加明显，在网络中的价值与控制力得到提升，网络中介枢纽向内陆演化。

关键词: 航空网络, 标准差椭圆, 复杂网络, 空间结构, 航空枢纽

Abstract:

Taking the passenger aviation network of China in the winter and spring of 2010, 2015 and 2019, using standard deviation ellipse, complex network related indicators and inverse distance weight method to interpolate the index, this paper analyzes the evolution characteristics of spatial structure of China's passenger aviation network in past ten years.Results show that: (1) The number of airports in the western region of China is in a relative growth state, and the northwest airport group layout center moves to the northwest, while the other five major airport group layout is stable, making the airport layout center gradually move to the west, which shows a balanced trend;(2) The scale of the airline network is growing rapidly, the status of the high-value nodes is stable and proportion of the low-value nodes is decreasing, the degree distribution, network transport efficiency and node accessibility are increasing. The number of nodes with high clustering coefficient near the average degree increases and network hierarchy is strengthened, but the small-world feature of the network is weakened; (3) The near centrality and betweenness centrality of Chengdu, Xi'an and Chongqing have increased significantly. The value and control power in the network have been enhanced, and the network intermediary hub has evolved inland.

Key words: air network, standard deviational ellipse, complex networks, spatial structure, air hub

张培文, 杜福民, 王雪, 汪瑜, 李璐. 近十年中国客运航空网络空间结构演化及分析研究[J]. 世界地理研究, 2021, 30(6): 1253-1264.

Peiwen ZHANG, Fumin DU, Xue WANG, Yu WANG, Lu LI. Spatial structure evolution and analysis of Chinese passenger aviation network in the last decade[J]. World Regional Studies, 2021, 30(6): 1253-1264.

图/表 9

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机场群	年份	面积/km²	旋转角/°	中心坐标
东北机场群	2010	668476.3	29.5	125.89°E，44.65°N
	2015	780578.04	41.4	125.92°E，44.81°N
	2019	1133020.89	61	125.02°E，44.56°N
华北机场群	2010	840190.01	49.8	115.1°E，41.03°N
	2015	1114006.72	67.7	113.53°E，41°N
	2019	1069329.99	63.8	114.02°E，41.11°N
华东机场群	2010	455093.54	10.9	118.77°E，31.21°N
	2015	449910.83	13.3	118.65°E，31.14°N
	2019	439633.54	12.6	118.64°E，31.1°N
西北机场群	2010	2090706.99	105.7	95.07°E，39.11°N
	2015	1920228.18	106.6	95.14°E，39.5°N
	2019	2091710.91	105.6	93.48°E，39.69°N
西南机场群	2010	1028598.9	93.5	102.25°E，27.77°N
	2015	982132.47	93.9	102.42°E，27.91°N
	2019	1000509.71	91.9	102.31°E，27.84°N
中南机场群	2010	627519.27	7.6	111.65°E，26.14°N
	2015	630133.47	6.5	111.61°E，26.2°N
	2019	635704.46	5.6	111.68°E，26.21°N

机场群	年份	面积/km²	旋转角/°	中心坐标
东北机场群	2010	668476.3	29.5	125.89°E，44.65°N
	2015	780578.04	41.4	125.92°E，44.81°N
	2019	1133020.89	61	125.02°E，44.56°N
华北机场群	2010	840190.01	49.8	115.1°E，41.03°N
	2015	1114006.72	67.7	113.53°E，41°N
	2019	1069329.99	63.8	114.02°E，41.11°N
华东机场群	2010	455093.54	10.9	118.77°E，31.21°N
	2015	449910.83	13.3	118.65°E，31.14°N
	2019	439633.54	12.6	118.64°E，31.1°N
西北机场群	2010	2090706.99	105.7	95.07°E，39.11°N
	2015	1920228.18	106.6	95.14°E，39.5°N
	2019	2091710.91	105.6	93.48°E，39.69°N
西南机场群	2010	1028598.9	93.5	102.25°E，27.77°N
	2015	982132.47	93.9	102.42°E，27.91°N
	2019	1000509.71	91.9	102.31°E，27.84°N
中南机场群	2010	627519.27	7.6	111.65°E，26.14°N
	2015	630133.47	6.5	111.61°E，26.2°N
	2019	635704.46	5.6	111.68°E，26.21°N

指标	节点数 n	边数 m	平均度值 K	特征路径长度 L	聚类系数 C	直径 D	随机网络理论值
指标	节点数 n	边数 m	平均度值 K	特征路径长度 L	聚类系数 C	直径 D	L′	C′
2010年	167	1036	12.4	2.313	0.765	4	2.032	0.074
2015年	197	1527	15.5	2.205	0.727	4	1.928	0.079
2019年	229	2755	24	2.105	0.704	4	1.71	0.105

指标	节点数 n	边数 m	平均度值 K	特征路径长度 L	聚类系数 C	直径 D	随机网络理论值
指标	节点数 n	边数 m	平均度值 K	特征路径长度 L	聚类系数 C	直径 D	L′	C′
2010年	167	1036	12.4	2.313	0.765	4	2.032	0.074
2015年	197	1527	15.5	2.205	0.727	4	1.928	0.079
2019年	229	2755	24	2.105	0.704	4	1.71	0.105

2010		2015		2019
城市	度值	城市	度值	城市	度值
北京	105	北京	132	北京	151
上海	86	上海	115	成都/西安	132
广州	80	西安	97	上海	124
成都	65	成都	84	重庆	118
深圳	62	广州	83	昆明	112
西安	56	重庆	81	深圳	107
重庆	53	深圳	74	广州	103
武汉	53	昆明	74	天津	96
昆明	50	杭州	66	贵阳	90
长沙	44	长沙	60	杭州	89