中国与世界主要大国间的联系格局研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2025.04.20230730

世界地理研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (4): 59-71.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2025.04.20230730

中国与世界主要大国间的联系格局研究

杜尚宇^1a(), 丁时洪², 杨青山^1a^,^1b^,^1c(), 刘鉴^1a^,^1b^,^1c, 陈永祥^1a, Колосов Владимир Александрович³

^1a.东北师范大学，地理科学学院，长春 130024
^1b.东北师范大学，长白山地理过程与生态安全教育部重点实验室，长春 130024
^1c.东北师范大学，城镇化和区域发展研究中心，长春 130024
^2.清华附中湾区学校，广州 510645
^3.俄罗斯科学院地理研究所地缘政治研究中心，俄罗斯莫斯科 125319

收稿日期:2023-10-27 修回日期:2024-04-05 出版日期:2025-04-15 发布日期:2025-04-27
通讯作者: 杨青山
作者简介:杜尚宇（1983—），男，助理研究员，博士研究生，研究方向为世界经济地理，E-mail：dusy687@nenu.edu.cn。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(42171181);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(2412022QD002)

Research on the pattern of relations between China and major country in the world

Shangyu DU^1a(), Shihong DING², Qingshan YANG^1a^,^1b^,^1c(), Jian LIU^1a^,^1b^,^1c, Yongxiang CHEN^1a, Колосов Владимир Александрович³

^1a.School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024, China
^1b.Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024, China
^1c.Center of Urbanization and Regional Development, Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024, China
^2.Tsinghua University High School Affiliated Bay Area School, Guangzhou 510645, China
^3.Center of Geopolitical Studies, Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Mosco 125319, Russia

Received:2023-10-27 Revised:2024-04-05 Online:2025-04-15 Published:2025-04-27
Contact: Qingshan YANG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着全球国际关系问题日趋复杂，中国对外关系形成了新局势，探讨中国与其他大国间的关系格局对中国大国地位发展和对外政策制定具有重要意义。本文建立多维度的大国联系指标体系，运用事件数据分析法，解析中国与世界主要大国间的关系格局特征。结果表明：①中国与世界主要大国间的联系指数值普遍较低，呈现“金字塔”结构，在2002—2019年间呈现不同的增长幅度，大国联系不稳定，年际差异较大。②不同要素下中国与世界主要大国间的联系在各个大国间差异巨大，大国政治往来、经济联系和文化交流分别表现为正向隆起、负向塌陷、“锥形瓶”和单中心隆起的特征。③中国与世界主要大国间的联系普遍存在“短板效应”，联系格局分为5种类型：“政冷经热文化较好”型（中美、中日）和“政弱经济文化较好”型（中英），“政热经济文化较好”型（中俄），“经热政治文化一般”型（中德、中巴），“政治经济文化一般”型（中法、中印）。基于此，中国应积极推动人类命运共同体和新型大国联系的构建与推广，并针对中国与世界主要大国联系格局的不同类型寻找不同的着力点，以便差异化处理大国关系。

关键词: 中国, 大国联系, 地缘关系, 时空格局

Abstract:

As global international relations issues become increasingly complex, it is of great significance to scientifically explore the pattern of China's relations with other major powers for the development of China's status as a major power and the formulation of its foreign policy in the era of unprecedented changes. This paper establishes a multi-dimensional index system for major country relations and uses the event data analysis method to analyze the characteristics of the relations pattern between China and major powers worldwide. The results show that: ①The index value of China's relations with major powers in the world is generally low, showing a "pyramid" structure, showing different growth ranges from 2002 to 2019, and the order of relations between major countries is unstable and the inter-annual difference is large. ②Under different factors, the relations between China and the world's major powers vary greatly among the major powers, and the relations between political exchanges, economic relations, and cultural exchanges between major powers are manifested as a positive "uplift", negative "collapse", "Erlenmeyer flask" and a single-center "uplift" spatial pattern. ③There is a general "short board effect" in China's connections with the world's major powers, and the pattern of relations is divided into five types: "political cold economic and hot culture" type (China and America; China and Japan), "weak political economy and culture are better" type (China and Britain), "political hot economic culture is better" type (China and Russia), "economy hot political culture average" type (China and Germany; China and Pakistan), "political economy and culture average" type (China and France; China and India). Based on this, China should actively promote the construction and dissemination of a community of human destiny and a new type of great power relations, and look for different points of focus for the different types of ties between China and the world's major powers to differentiate its handling of great power relations.

Key words: China, major country relations, geo-relation, temporal and spatial pattern

杜尚宇, 丁时洪, 杨青山, 刘鉴, 陈永祥, Колосов Владимир Александрович. 中国与世界主要大国间的联系格局研究[J]. 世界地理研究, 2025, 34(4): 59-71.

Shangyu DU, Shihong DING, Qingshan YANG, Jian LIU, Yongxiang CHEN, Колосов Владимир Александрович. Research on the pattern of relations between China and major country in the world[J]. World Regional Studies, 2025, 34(4): 59-71.

图/表 11

表1 大国联系指标体系

Tab.1 The indicator system for major country connectivity

要素层	指标层	单位
政治往来	外交访问	—
	国际会议	—
	条约协议	—
	军事冲突/合作	—
	内政干涉	—
	政策提案	—
	特例事件	—
经济联系	外商直接投资额	万美元
	对外直接投资流量	万美元
	中国从各国的进口额	美元
	各国从中国的进口额	美元
	中国向各国的出口额	美元
	各国向中国的出口额	美元
文化交流	中国去各国留学生数量	人
	来华留学生数量	人
	孔子学院数量	所
	双边活动	—

图1 大国联系衡量流程

Fig.1 Measurement process of major country relations

图2 中国与世界主要大国联系均值对比与结构

Fig.2 Mean comparison and structure of China's relations with major countries in the world

图3 2002—2019年中国与世界主要大国联系对比

Fig.3 Comparison of China's relations with major countries from 2002 to 2019

图4 中国与世界主要大国政治往来联系均值对比与结构

Fig.4 Mean comparison and structure of political contacts between China and major countries in the world

图5 2002—2019年中国与世界主要大国政治往来联系对比

Fig.5 Comparison of political contacts between China and major countries from 2002 to 2019

图6 中国与世界主要大国经济联系对比与结构

Fig.6 Mean comparison and structure of economic relations between China and major countries in the world

图7 2002—2019年中国与世界主要大国经济联系对比

Fig.7 Comparison of China's economic relations with major countries from 2002 to 2019

图8 中国与世界主要大国文化交流联系对比与结构

Fig.8 Mean comparison and structure of cultural exchanges between China and major countries in the world

图9 2002—2019年中国与世界主要大国文化交流联系对比

Fig.9 Comparison of cultural exchanges between China and major world powers from 2002 to 2019

图10 中国与世界主要大国联系格局对比

Fig.10 Comparison of the pattern of relations between China and major countries in the world

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中国与世界主要大国间的联系格局研究

Research on the pattern of relations between China and major country in the world

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