中国航空枢纽城市的国际连通性研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2020.03.2019022

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

国际连通是航空枢纽城市内通外联的基本功能体现，利用构建的航空枢纽连通模型测算了我国所有国际通航城市2012年和2017年的国际连通性指数和国际中转指数，并与城市的枢纽定位比较分析。五年间我国航空枢纽城市的国际连通能力快速提升，以北京、上海、广州为代表的三大国际枢纽城市仍主导我国航空运输市场的国际中转连通，但国际连通性指数所占份额在下降，次国际枢纽城市和部分区域枢纽国际连通功能快速提升。洲际长航线对各类枢纽城市国际连通能力的提升更具有网络扩张作用，中短途国际航线对次国际枢纽及区域枢纽的国际连通具有重要意义，基地航空公司对城市的国际枢纽建设有着举足轻重的影响。我国国际枢纽的空间分布从单一的“三点集聚”开始向“多点分化”演化，国际枢纽城市的空间演化契合了我国地区经济开放发展与国际航空运输需求的多样化发展趋势。国际航线网络布局、机场设施发展是建设高质量国际中转枢纽的基础保障，部分新晋枢纽城市缺少有效国际连通与之匹配，“之路”与开放门户等枢纽发展战略仍任重而路远。

关键词: 国际航空枢纽, 国际连通性指数, 国际中转指数, 中国

Abstract:

The international air connectivity is an important channel for a city to communicate outside. The paper constructs a connectivity measuring model to calculate the international transit index and international connectivity index of all China’s opening airports in 2012 and 2017, the comprehensive international connectivity of all opening airports has rapidly increased during the past five years. The top three international hubs, Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou still dominate the international transfer market, but the market share is declining. The sub-international hubs and regional hubs are growing rapidly. Intercontinental long-haul routes have more network expansion effects on the international connectivity of all hubs. Medium-haul and short-haul international routes are of great significance to the international connectivity of sub-international hubs and regional hubs. Airlines which operate international hub airports as their bases have significant impact on the development of those cities. The spatial distribution of international hubs in China has evolved from Three-point agglomeration to Multi-point differentiation. The spatial evolution of international hub cities is in line with the trend of open development of the China’s regional economic and diversified demand of international air transport. The network layout of the international routes and the development of airport facility are the basic guarantee for the establishment of a high-quality international transit hub. The development strategies of “the opening channel” and gateway are still on the way.

Key words: international air hub, international transit index, international connectivity index, China

张翼, 黄伟刚, 郑兴无. 中国航空枢纽城市的国际连通性研究[J]. 世界地理研究, 2020, 29(3): 491-502.

Yi ZHANG, Weigang HUANG, Xingwu ZHENG. International connectivity of China’s hub airport[J]. World Regional Studies, 2020, 29(3): 491-502.

图/表 6

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类序	枢纽等级	机场城市
一类	国际枢纽	北京、上海、广州
二类	次国际枢纽	成都、昆明、深圳、重庆、西安、乌鲁木齐、哈尔滨
三类	区域枢纽	天津、石家庄、太原、呼和浩特、大连、沈阳、长春、杭州、厦门、南京、青岛、福州、济南、南昌、温州、宁波、合肥、南宁、桂林、海口、三亚、郑州、武汉、长沙、贵阳、拉萨、兰州、西宁、银川
四类	开放机场城市	其他对外开放机场城市

类序	枢纽等级	机场城市
一类	国际枢纽	北京、上海、广州
二类	次国际枢纽	成都、昆明、深圳、重庆、西安、乌鲁木齐、哈尔滨
三类	区域枢纽	天津、石家庄、太原、呼和浩特、大连、沈阳、长春、杭州、厦门、南京、青岛、福州、济南、南昌、温州、宁波、合肥、南宁、桂林、海口、三亚、郑州、武汉、长沙、贵阳、拉萨、兰州、西宁、银川
四类	开放机场城市	其他对外开放机场城市

地区	HTI					HCI
	2012年		2017年			2012年		2017年
	值	占比	值	占比	增速	值	占比	值	占比	增速
东部	85.82	88.21	148.59	79.7	11.6	14.33	88.47	23.83	82.8	10.7
中部	1.41	1.45	6.27	3.4	34.8	0.2	1.25	0.77	2.7	30.9
西部	7.92	8.15	28.03	15.0	28.8	1.39	8.57	3.82	13.3	22.4
东北	2.13	2.19	3.5	1.9	10.4	0.28	1.71	0.35	1.2	4.6
整体	97.29	100	186.39	100	13.9	16.19	100	28.76	100	12.2

地区	HTI					HCI
	2012年		2017年			2012年		2017年
	值	占比	值	占比	增速	值	占比	值	占比	增速
东部	85.82	88.21	148.59	79.7	11.6	14.33	88.47	23.83	82.8	10.7
中部	1.41	1.45	6.27	3.4	34.8	0.2	1.25	0.77	2.7	30.9
西部	7.92	8.15	28.03	15.0	28.8	1.39	8.57	3.82	13.3	22.4
东北	2.13	2.19	3.5	1.9	10.4	0.28	1.71	0.35	1.2	4.6
整体	97.29	100	186.39	100	13.9	16.19	100	28.76	100	12.2

类别	HTI					HCI
	2012		2017			2012		2017
	值	占比	值	占比	增速	值	占比	值	占比	增速
一类	76.53	78.66	121.69	65.29	9.72	13.13	81.11	20.34	70.70	9.15
二类	10.13	10.41	32.77	17.58	26.47	1.65	10.19	4.44	15.44	21.89
三类	10.47	10.76	31.12	16.70	24.34	1.39	8.60	3.89	13.53	22.85
四类	0.16	0.16	0.81	0.43	38.32	0.02	0.11	0.10	0.34	37.97
全部	97.29	100	186.39	100	13.89	16.19	100	28.77	100	12.19