世界地理研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (2): 82-92.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.02.2021382
谢潇1,2(), 盈斌1,2, 杜芳娟1,2(), 宋潇玉1,2, 吴函彦1,2
收稿日期:
2021-05-25
修回日期:
2022-03-14
出版日期:
2023-02-15
发布日期:
2023-02-24
通讯作者:
杜芳娟
作者简介:
谢潇(1996—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向为健康地理,E-mail:xiexiao718@163.com。
基金资助:
Xiao XIE1,2(), Bin YING1,2, Fangjuan DU1,2(), Xiaoyu SONG1,2, Hanyan WU1,2
Received:
2021-05-25
Revised:
2022-03-14
Online:
2023-02-15
Published:
2023-02-24
Contact:
Fangjuan DU
摘要:
以孕产妇死亡率、围产儿死亡率作为中国妇幼健康水平的主要表征指标,运用变异系数、空间自相关、面板回归等方法对2005—2015年间中国妇幼健康水平进行空间格局变化和影响因素分析。结果表明:①2005—2015年以来中国妇幼健康水平整体呈上升趋势,西部增长幅度高于中东部地区,但整体保持“东-中-西”梯度递减的态势;②2005—2015年中国妇幼健康水平的相对差异显著,孕产妇死亡率的差异随时间呈波动变化、围产儿死亡率的差异随时间趋于上升;其中,西部地区的地带内差异最大、东部次之、中部最小;③妇幼健康水平的莫兰指数表现为“W”形的变化趋势,空间集聚程度逐渐减小,中东部地区形成稳定热点区、西部地区形成稳定冷点区;④产前检查率、城镇化水平和人均公共卫生支出的发展对妇幼健康的发展有促进作用,环境温度、高危孕产妇比例、女性文盲率的增加对妇幼健康的发展起抑制作用。
谢潇, 盈斌, 杜芳娟, 宋潇玉, 吴函彦. 中国妇幼健康水平的区域差异和影响因素[J]. 世界地理研究, 2023, 32(2): 82-92.
Xiao XIE, Bin YING, Fangjuan DU, Xiaoyu SONG, Hanyan WU. Regional differences and influencing factors of the health level of women and children in China[J]. World Regional Studies, 2023, 32(2): 82-92.
年份 | 孕产妇死亡率 | 围产儿死亡率 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
全国 | 东部 | 中部 | 西部 | 全国 | 东部 | 中部 | 西部 | ||
平均值 | 1.212 | 0.464 | 0.251 | 1.001 | 0.470 | 0.307 | 0.248 | 0.440 | |
2005 | 1.067 | 0.496 | 0.273 | 0.786 | 0.376 | 0.311 | 0.190 | 0.251 | |
2006 | 1.012 | 0.590 | 0.175 | 0.762 | 0.425 | 0.321 | 0.126 | 0.323 | |
2007 | 1.154 | 0.427 | 0.201 | 0.905 | 0.426 | 0.308 | 0.169 | 0.361 | |
2008 | 1.250 | 0.381 | 0.235 | 1.032 | 0.454 | 0.309 | 0.186 | 0.412 | |
2009 | 1.372 | 0.440 | 0.235 | 1.151 | 0.449 | 0.304 | 0.216 | 0.424 | |
2010 | 1.151 | 0.459 | 0.318 | 0.983 | 0.485 | 0.303 | 0.281 | 0.470 | |
2011 | 1.403 | 0.451 | 0.216 | 1.158 | 0.490 | 0.338 | 0.335 | 0.479 | |
2012 | 1.461 | 0.731 | 0.286 | 1.234 | 0.561 | 0.292 | 0.306 | 0.590 | |
2013 | 1.331 | 0.414 | 0.188 | 1.175 | 0.500 | 0.301 | 0.340 | 0.506 | |
2014 | 1.060 | 0.409 | 0.391 | 0.915 | 0.478 | 0.291 | 0.290 | 0.494 | |
2015 | 1.074 | 0.304 | 0.241 | 0.915 | 0.525 | 0.303 | 0.290 | 0.533 |
表1 中国妇幼健康水平的变异系数
Tab.1 Coefficient of variation in women and children health level in China
年份 | 孕产妇死亡率 | 围产儿死亡率 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
全国 | 东部 | 中部 | 西部 | 全国 | 东部 | 中部 | 西部 | ||
平均值 | 1.212 | 0.464 | 0.251 | 1.001 | 0.470 | 0.307 | 0.248 | 0.440 | |
2005 | 1.067 | 0.496 | 0.273 | 0.786 | 0.376 | 0.311 | 0.190 | 0.251 | |
2006 | 1.012 | 0.590 | 0.175 | 0.762 | 0.425 | 0.321 | 0.126 | 0.323 | |
2007 | 1.154 | 0.427 | 0.201 | 0.905 | 0.426 | 0.308 | 0.169 | 0.361 | |
2008 | 1.250 | 0.381 | 0.235 | 1.032 | 0.454 | 0.309 | 0.186 | 0.412 | |
2009 | 1.372 | 0.440 | 0.235 | 1.151 | 0.449 | 0.304 | 0.216 | 0.424 | |
2010 | 1.151 | 0.459 | 0.318 | 0.983 | 0.485 | 0.303 | 0.281 | 0.470 | |
2011 | 1.403 | 0.451 | 0.216 | 1.158 | 0.490 | 0.338 | 0.335 | 0.479 | |
2012 | 1.461 | 0.731 | 0.286 | 1.234 | 0.561 | 0.292 | 0.306 | 0.590 | |
2013 | 1.331 | 0.414 | 0.188 | 1.175 | 0.500 | 0.301 | 0.340 | 0.506 | |
2014 | 1.060 | 0.409 | 0.391 | 0.915 | 0.478 | 0.291 | 0.290 | 0.494 | |
2015 | 1.074 | 0.304 | 0.241 | 0.915 | 0.525 | 0.303 | 0.290 | 0.533 |
图2 2005—2015年中国妇幼健康水平的空间分布特征注:本图基于自然资源部标准地图服务网站下载的审图号为GS(2019)1822号地图制作,底图无修改,文中所有地图同
Fig.2 Spatial distribution of women and children health level in China in 2005-2015
维度 | 变量 | 指标 | 孕产妇死亡率 | 围产儿死亡率 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FE | RE | FE | RE | ||||
自然环境 | X1 | 年平均气温 | 0.362*(1.88) | -0.377***(-3.30) | -0.044(-0.25) | -0.249**(-2.11) | |
X2 | 年平均降水量 | 0.068(1.28) | -0.026(-0.57) | 0.005(0.17) | -0.020(-0.72) | ||
X3 | 人均SO2排放量 | -0.030(-0.36) | -0.058(-0.84) | 0.087(1.36) | 0.072(1.39) | ||
人口结构 | X4 | 高危孕产妇比例 | 0.261**(2.24) | 0.209**(2.11) | 0.231**(2.36) | 0.244**(2.53) | |
X5 | 产前检查率 | -0.496(-1.61) | -0.675*(-1.94) | -0.402*(-2.03) | -0.442**(-2.21) | ||
X6 | 15岁以上女性文盲率 | 0.241**(2.62) | 0.263***(4.21) | 0.044(1.27) | 0.035(1.10) | ||
社会经济 | X7 | 城镇化率 | -1.943***(-4.38) | -1.861***(-7.84) | -1.663***(-8.86) | -1.427***(-11.24) | |
X8 | 千人卫生机构数 | -0.003(-0.07) | -0.036(-0.88) | -0.026(-1.16) | -0.035(-1.58) | ||
X9 | 人均公共卫生支出 | -0.215***(-3.17) | -0.181***(-4.94) | -0.105***(-2.96) | -0.130***(-3.97) | ||
常数项 | 11.237***(5.78) | 14.012**(7.26) | 10.589***(9.20) | 10.604***(10.96) | |||
R² | 0.744 | 0.735 | 0.861 | 0.858 | |||
F统计值 | 31.28*** | 64.11*** | |||||
Hausman检验 | 77.272*** | 43.615*** |
表2 回归模型分析结果
Tab.2 Regression Model analysis results
维度 | 变量 | 指标 | 孕产妇死亡率 | 围产儿死亡率 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FE | RE | FE | RE | ||||
自然环境 | X1 | 年平均气温 | 0.362*(1.88) | -0.377***(-3.30) | -0.044(-0.25) | -0.249**(-2.11) | |
X2 | 年平均降水量 | 0.068(1.28) | -0.026(-0.57) | 0.005(0.17) | -0.020(-0.72) | ||
X3 | 人均SO2排放量 | -0.030(-0.36) | -0.058(-0.84) | 0.087(1.36) | 0.072(1.39) | ||
人口结构 | X4 | 高危孕产妇比例 | 0.261**(2.24) | 0.209**(2.11) | 0.231**(2.36) | 0.244**(2.53) | |
X5 | 产前检查率 | -0.496(-1.61) | -0.675*(-1.94) | -0.402*(-2.03) | -0.442**(-2.21) | ||
X6 | 15岁以上女性文盲率 | 0.241**(2.62) | 0.263***(4.21) | 0.044(1.27) | 0.035(1.10) | ||
社会经济 | X7 | 城镇化率 | -1.943***(-4.38) | -1.861***(-7.84) | -1.663***(-8.86) | -1.427***(-11.24) | |
X8 | 千人卫生机构数 | -0.003(-0.07) | -0.036(-0.88) | -0.026(-1.16) | -0.035(-1.58) | ||
X9 | 人均公共卫生支出 | -0.215***(-3.17) | -0.181***(-4.94) | -0.105***(-2.96) | -0.130***(-3.97) | ||
常数项 | 11.237***(5.78) | 14.012**(7.26) | 10.589***(9.20) | 10.604***(10.96) | |||
R² | 0.744 | 0.735 | 0.861 | 0.858 | |||
F统计值 | 31.28*** | 64.11*** | |||||
Hausman检验 | 77.272*** | 43.615*** |
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