三亚市旅游休闲业态时空演变特征及其形成机制分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.10.2021693

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以三亚市为案例地，通过爬取六类旅游休闲业态POI数据，综合利用最邻近距离指数、核密度估计、多空间聚类、地理探测器等空间分析技术，深入挖掘三亚市旅游休闲业态的时空演变特征及其形成机制。结果表明：（1）业态总体数量及特征空间尺度急剧上升，分布格局呈“极核-轴线-面域”分布形态；主要集聚于三亚湾度假区，散布周边临海区域，且集聚程度随空间尺度的增大呈先增后减态势；（2）各类旅游休闲业态空间集聚特征显著，其中购物、住宿、餐饮业态与总体集聚特征呈现高度一致性，各类业态集聚分布特征显著不同且尺度依赖性明显，其中旅游景点业态集聚程度随时间距离的增加不断减小，其余业态均先增后减；（3）三亚市旅游休闲业态空间格局的形成是由政策引导城市发展决定的，即在旅游休闲需求升级与城市发展的转型升级的双向推动下，从经济水平、人口特征、交通条件及资源禀赋四个方面影响旅游休闲业态空间演变格局。

关键词: 旅游休闲业态, 时空演变, 三亚市, POI, 形成机制

Abstract:

Taking Sanya City as a case, based on POI data of six types of tourism and leisure forms, comprehensive use of spatial analysis technologies such as the nearest distance index, nuclear density estimation, multispatial clustering and geographical detectors to deeply measure and explore the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of Sanya tourism and leisure forms and their formation mechanism.The results show: (1)The overall number and characteristic spatial scale rise sharply, and the distribution pattern is "polar core-axis-surface domain"; mainly gather Sanya bay resort and spread the surrounding coastal area, and the agglomeration degree increases with the increase of spatial scale. (2) All kinds of tourism and leisure formats space agglomeration characteristics, including shopping, accommodation, catering industry and overall agglomeration characteristics have highly consistent, all kinds of formats agglomeration distribution characteristics are significantly different and scale dependence is obvious, the tourist attractions formats concentration degree with increasing time distance, the rest of the formats all increase after decrease. (3) The formation of Sanya tourism and leisure form space pattern is determined by the policy guidance of urban development orientation, that is, in the tourism and leisure demand upgrading and upgrading of urban development, from the economic level, population characteristics, traffic conditions and resource endowment affect the evolution of tourism and leisure business space pattern.

Key words: tourism leisure industry, spatiotemporal evolution, Sanya, POI, formation mechanism

凌旋, 马勇, 任洁. 三亚市旅游休闲业态时空演变特征及其形成机制分析[J]. 世界地理研究, 2023, 32(10): 134-146.

Xuan LING, Yong MA, Jie REN. Spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and mechanism analysis of tourism leisure industry in Sanya City[J]. World Regional Studies, 2023, 32(10): 134-146.

图/表 7

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类型	年份	数量/个	比例	基本载体	类型	年份	数量/个	比例	基本载体
旅游景点	2010	121	0.15%	风景区、公园广场等	餐饮服务	2010	2 024	2.54%	中餐厅、外国餐厅、快餐厅、咖啡饮品、蛋糕甜品、茶艺馆等
	2015	588	0.74%			2015	8 917	11.19%
	2020	1 038	1.30%			2020	13 292	16.69%
购物服务	2010	1 418	1.78%	便利店、超级市场、购物中心、特色商业街、各类专卖店等	娱乐休闲	2010	837	1.05%	影剧院、度假疗养场所、娱乐场所（KTV、酒吧等）、休闲场所（垂钓园、采摘园等）
	2015	10 866	13.64%			2015	1 376	1.73%
	2020	18 674	23.44%			2020	1 612	2.02%
住宿服务	2010	1 592	2.00%	宾馆酒店、旅馆招待所等	交通设施服务	2010	766	0.96%	港口码头、机场、公交车站、火车站、高铁站、长途汽车站、停车场等
	2015	4 608	5.78%			2015	1 299	1.63%
	2020	8 376	10.51%			2020	2 260	2.84%

类型	年份	数量/个	比例	基本载体	类型	年份	数量/个	比例	基本载体
旅游景点	2010	121	0.15%	风景区、公园广场等	餐饮服务	2010	2 024	2.54%	中餐厅、外国餐厅、快餐厅、咖啡饮品、蛋糕甜品、茶艺馆等
	2015	588	0.74%			2015	8 917	11.19%
	2020	1 038	1.30%			2020	13 292	16.69%
购物服务	2010	1 418	1.78%	便利店、超级市场、购物中心、特色商业街、各类专卖店等	娱乐休闲	2010	837	1.05%	影剧院、度假疗养场所、娱乐场所（KTV、酒吧等）、休闲场所（垂钓园、采摘园等）
	2015	10 866	13.64%			2015	1 376	1.73%
	2020	18 674	23.44%			2020	1 612	2.02%
住宿服务	2010	1 592	2.00%	宾馆酒店、旅馆招待所等	交通设施服务	2010	766	0.96%	港口码头、机场、公交车站、火车站、高铁站、长途汽车站、停车场等
	2015	4 608	5.78%			2015	1 299	1.63%
	2020	8 376	10.51%			2020	2 260	2.84%

年份	平均最邻近距离/m	期望平均最邻近距离/m	NNI	Z得分	空间分布类型
2010年	49.29	329.66	0.15	－132.62	显著集聚
2015年	19.90	161.93	0.12	－278.05	显著集聚
2020年	16.66	137.88	0.12	－355.65	显著集聚

年份	平均最邻近距离/m	期望平均最邻近距离/m	NNI	Z得分	空间分布类型
2010年	49.29	329.66	0.15	－132.62	显著集聚
2015年	19.90	161.93	0.12	－278.05	显著集聚
2020年	16.66	137.88	0.12	－355.65	显著集聚

因素	人口密度(X1)	路网密度(X2)	DEM高程(X3)	经济水平(X4)
旅游景点	0.073^***	0.244^***	0.020^***	0.199^***
购物服务	0.097^***	0.206^***	0.023^***	0.220^***
住宿服务	0.016^***	0.117^***	0.007^**	0.103^***
餐饮服务	0.069^***	0.232^***	0.019^***	0.200^***
娱乐休闲	0.073^***	0.244^***	0.020^***	0.199^***
交通设施服务	0.141^***	0.378^***	0.040^***	0.326^***
总体业态	0.078^***	0.241^***	0.022^***	0.225^***