The impact of

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2021.03.2020225

Abstract

Abstract:

Based on the annual survey of industrial firms and the data of Alibaba, this paper studies the impact of "Internet +" on the manufacturing employment growth at both firm and industry levels. Empirical results suggest that "Internet +" promotes the employment growth of large enterprises but hinders that of small and micro enterprises. As the number of enterprises which utilize this kind of new technology rises, employment growth of the whole industry slows down. In addition, the dynamic externalities of industrial agglomeration including industrial specialization, industrial diversity and industrial competition can boost firm-level and industry-level employment growth, but both the industrial specialization and the industrial competition make it difficult for "Internet +" to play a positive role in driving industry-level employment growth. Besides, the impacts of "Internet +" and the industrial agglomeration on the employment growth are different among districts.

Key words: "Internet +", manufacturing employment, industrial agglomeration

摘要：

基于中国工业企业数据库和阿里巴巴平台数据，从企业和行业两个层面考察“互联网+”对中国制造业就业增长的影响。结果显示，就企业层面而言，“互联网+”阻碍了制造业企业的就业增长。具体分企业规模来看，“互联网+”能够促进大型企业就业增长，但对小微企业起到一定抑制作用。就行业层面而言，“互联网+”程度加深对行业就业增长产生负面影响。从产业集聚来看，地方专业化、产业多样化和产业内竞争三类集聚动态外部性显著促进企业就业增长和行业就业增长，但地方专业化和产业内竞争会阻碍“互联网+”对行业就业带动作用的发挥。此外，“互联网+”和产业集聚的就业影响具有地区差异性。

关键词: “互联网+”, 制造业就业, 产业集聚

Mengran XU, Zhenfa LI, Canfei HE, Wei LI. The impact of "Internet +" on the manufacturing employment in China[J]. World Regional Studies, 2021, 30(3): 577-588.

徐梦冉, 李振发, 贺灿飞, 李伟. “互联网+”对中国制造业就业的影响[J]. 世界地理研究, 2021, 30(3): 577-588.

Figures/Tables 6

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变量	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)
	all	large	medium	small	east	middle	west
EC	-0.040^*	1.790^*	-0.076	-0.024^**	-0.043^*	-0.128	0.340^***
	(0.023)	(0.933)	(0.080)	(0.012)	(0.025)	(0.088)	(0.110)
LQ	0.001^***	0.004	0.001	0.001^***	0.001^**	0.001	0.002^***
	(0.000)	(0.005)	(0.001)	(0.000)	(0.000)	(0.001)	(0.001)
DIV	0.098^***	-0.112	-0.126	0.060^***	0.093^***	-0.241^***	-0.050
	(0.023)	(0.659)	(0.085)	(0.011)	(0.027)	(0.086)	(0.079)
PORTER	0.013^***	0.299^***	0.076^***	0.009^***	0.012^***	0.012^***	0.020^***
	(0.000)	(0.019)	(0.001)	(0.000)	(0.000)	(0.000)	(0.000)
L	-0.008^***	-0.001	-0.079^***	-0.160^***	-0.008^***	-0.007^***	-0.007^***
	(0.000)	(0.002)	(0.003)	(0.001)	(0.001)	(0.001)	(0.001)
CAPDEN	0.012^***	0.257^***	0.018^***	0.005^***	0.013^***	0.007^***	0.024^***
	(0.000)	(0.008)	(0.000)	(0.000)	(0.000)	(0.000)	(0.000)
EXP	-0.110^***	-3.193^***	-0.457^***	-0.006	-0.122^***	-0.044	-0.159^***
	(0.009)	(0.245)	(0.031)	(0.005)	(0.010)	(0.032)	(0.036)
AGE	-0.003^***	0.007	-0.009^***	-0.002^***	-0.003^***	-0.003^***	-0.002^*
	(0.000)	(0.007)	(0.001)	(0.000)	(0.001)	(0.001)	(0.001)
SOE	0.116^***	0.096	0.258^***	0.050^***	0.090^***	0.117^**	0.142^***
	(0.023)	(0.359)	(0.069)	(0.012)	(0.031)	(0.048)	(0.041)
OUT	-0.003	-0.195^***	-0.013^*	0.003^**	-0.004	-0.001	-0.062^***
	(0.003)	(0.041)	(0.008)	(0.002)	(0.003)	(0.014)	(0.015)
UE	0.014^***	0.033	0.056^***	0.008^***	0.010^**	-0.064	0.383^***
	(0.004)	(0.098)	(0.013)	(0.002)	(0.004)	(0.060)	(0.096)
PGDP	-0.011	0.153	-0.011	-0.004	0.000	0.054	-0.344^***
	(0.019)	(0.442)	(0.055)	(0.010)	(0.021)	(0.093)	(0.066)
_cons	-0.033	-1.307^*	0.581^***	0.137^***	0.001	0.102^*	-0.274^***
	(0.024)	(0.735)	(0.092)	(0.012)	(0.030)	(0.057)	(0.054)
R²	0.051	0.049	0.115	0.057	0.055	0.027	0.123
adj. R²	0.051	0.048	0.115	0.057	0.055	0.027	0.123
N	1847221	37970	368689	1440562	1406199	283571	157451

变量	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)
	all	large	medium	small	east	middle	west
EC	-0.040^*	1.790^*	-0.076	-0.024^**	-0.043^*	-0.128	0.340^***
	(0.023)	(0.933)	(0.080)	(0.012)	(0.025)	(0.088)	(0.110)
LQ	0.001^***	0.004	0.001	0.001^***	0.001^**	0.001	0.002^***
	(0.000)	(0.005)	(0.001)	(0.000)	(0.000)	(0.001)	(0.001)
DIV	0.098^***	-0.112	-0.126	0.060^***	0.093^***	-0.241^***	-0.050
	(0.023)	(0.659)	(0.085)	(0.011)	(0.027)	(0.086)	(0.079)
PORTER	0.013^***	0.299^***	0.076^***	0.009^***	0.012^***	0.012^***	0.020^***
	(0.000)	(0.019)	(0.001)	(0.000)	(0.000)	(0.000)	(0.000)
L	-0.008^***	-0.001	-0.079^***	-0.160^***	-0.008^***	-0.007^***	-0.007^***
	(0.000)	(0.002)	(0.003)	(0.001)	(0.001)	(0.001)	(0.001)
CAPDEN	0.012^***	0.257^***	0.018^***	0.005^***	0.013^***	0.007^***	0.024^***
	(0.000)	(0.008)	(0.000)	(0.000)	(0.000)	(0.000)	(0.000)
EXP	-0.110^***	-3.193^***	-0.457^***	-0.006	-0.122^***	-0.044	-0.159^***
	(0.009)	(0.245)	(0.031)	(0.005)	(0.010)	(0.032)	(0.036)
AGE	-0.003^***	0.007	-0.009^***	-0.002^***	-0.003^***	-0.003^***	-0.002^*
	(0.000)	(0.007)	(0.001)	(0.000)	(0.001)	(0.001)	(0.001)
SOE	0.116^***	0.096	0.258^***	0.050^***	0.090^***	0.117^**	0.142^***
	(0.023)	(0.359)	(0.069)	(0.012)	(0.031)	(0.048)	(0.041)
OUT	-0.003	-0.195^***	-0.013^*	0.003^**	-0.004	-0.001	-0.062^***
	(0.003)	(0.041)	(0.008)	(0.002)	(0.003)	(0.014)	(0.015)
UE	0.014^***	0.033	0.056^***	0.008^***	0.010^**	-0.064	0.383^***
	(0.004)	(0.098)	(0.013)	(0.002)	(0.004)	(0.060)	(0.096)
PGDP	-0.011	0.153	-0.011	-0.004	0.000	0.054	-0.344^***
	(0.019)	(0.442)	(0.055)	(0.010)	(0.021)	(0.093)	(0.066)
_cons	-0.033	-1.307^*	0.581^***	0.137^***	0.001	0.102^*	-0.274^***
	(0.024)	(0.735)	(0.092)	(0.012)	(0.030)	(0.057)	(0.054)
R²	0.051	0.049	0.115	0.057	0.055	0.027	0.123
adj. R²	0.051	0.048	0.115	0.057	0.055	0.027	0.123
N	1847221	37970	368689	1440562	1406199	283571	157451

变量	(8)	(9)	(10)	(11)	(12)	(13)	(14)	(15)
	all	east	middle	west	all	east	middle	west
ECP	-0.038^*	-0.094^***	-0.027	-0.024	0.420^***	0.843^***	-0.063	0.004
	(0.023)	(0.031)	(0.021)	(0.030)	(0.055)	(0.080)	(0.056)	(0.067)
LQ	0.046^***	0.098^***	-0.003	0.002	0.047^***	0.106^***	-0.003	0.002
	(0.002)	(0.005)	(0.002)	(0.001)	(0.002)	(0.005)	(0.002)	(0.001)
DIV	0.067^***	0.101^***	-0.034^*	-0.004	0.067^***	0.105^***	-0.034^*	-0.005
	(0.018)	(0.027)	(0.018)	(0.021)	(0.018)	(0.027)	(0.018)	(0.021)
PORTER	0.185^***	0.257^***	0.028^***	0.045^***	0.187^***	0.264^***	0.028^***	0.045^***
	(0.000)	(0.001)	(0.000)	(0.001)	(0.000)	(0.001)	(0.000)	(0.001)
LQECP*					-0.008^***	-0.028^***	0.001	-0.000
					(0.003)	(0.005)	(0.002)	(0.003)
DIVECP*					-0.010	-0.028	0.003	0.007
					(0.015)	(0.020)	(0.017)	(0.019)
PORTERECP*					-0.016^***	-0.029^***	0.001	-0.002^*
					(0.000)	(0.001)	(0.001)	(0.001)
CAPDEN	0.194^***	0.492^***	0.035	0.083^**	0.197^***	0.510^***	0.035	0.083^**
	(0.036)	(0.070)	(0.025)	(0.036)	(0.036)	(0.070)	(0.025)	(0.036)
OUT	0.075^***	0.096^***	-0.012	-0.007	0.076^***	0.096^***	-0.012	-0.007
	(0.006)	(0.007)	(0.009)	(0.014)	(0.006)	(0.007)	(0.009)	(0.014)
UE	0.119^***	0.153^***	-0.081	0.398	0.117^***	0.147^***	-0.081	0.398
	(0.035)	(0.044)	(0.139)	(0.306)	(0.035)	(0.044)	(0.139)	(0.306)
MAR	0.012	0.142^***	-0.018	0.002	0.012	0.142^***	-0.018	0.002
	(0.018)	(0.033)	(0.015)	(0.015)	(0.018)	(0.033)	(0.015)	(0.015)
FDI	0.028	0.108	-0.031	-0.155	0.037	0.139	-0.031	-0.153
	(0.076)	(0.102)	(0.096)	(0.182)	(0.076)	(0.101)	(0.096)	(0.182)
PGDP	0.042^**	0.059^***	-0.106^***	0.058^***	0.042^**	0.062^***	-0.106^***	0.058^***
	(0.017)	(0.023)	(0.027)	(0.022)	(0.017)	(0.023)	(0.027)	(0.022)
HC	0.102^***	0.163^***	0.023	-0.015	0.100^***	0.159^***	0.023	-0.015
	(0.014)	(0.022)	(0.014)	(0.016)	(0.014)	(0.022)	(0.014)	(0.016)
WAGE	-0.285^***	-0.454^***	0.179^***	0.064	-0.282^***	-0.454^***	0.178^***	0.064
	(0.051)	(0.072)	(0.061)	(0.071)	(0.051)	(0.071)	(0.061)	(0.071)
_cons	-3.245^***	-6.007^***	0.316^**	-0.470^***	-3.307^***	-6.182^***	0.317^**	-0.469^***
	(0.183)	(0.343)	(0.151)	(0.172)	(0.182)	(0.340)	(0.151)	(0.173)
R²	0.374	0.519	0.063	0.128	0.377	0.527	0.063	0.128
adj. R²	0.374	0.519	0.063	0.127	0.377	0.527	0.063	0.127
N	284042	161637	81363	41042	284042	161637	81363	41042

变量	(8)	(9)	(10)	(11)	(12)	(13)	(14)	(15)
	all	east	middle	west	all	east	middle	west
ECP	-0.038^*	-0.094^***	-0.027	-0.024	0.420^***	0.843^***	-0.063	0.004
	(0.023)	(0.031)	(0.021)	(0.030)	(0.055)	(0.080)	(0.056)	(0.067)
LQ	0.046^***	0.098^***	-0.003	0.002	0.047^***	0.106^***	-0.003	0.002
	(0.002)	(0.005)	(0.002)	(0.001)	(0.002)	(0.005)	(0.002)	(0.001)
DIV	0.067^***	0.101^***	-0.034^*	-0.004	0.067^***	0.105^***	-0.034^*	-0.005
	(0.018)	(0.027)	(0.018)	(0.021)	(0.018)	(0.027)	(0.018)	(0.021)
PORTER	0.185^***	0.257^***	0.028^***	0.045^***	0.187^***	0.264^***	0.028^***	0.045^***
	(0.000)	(0.001)	(0.000)	(0.001)	(0.000)	(0.001)	(0.000)	(0.001)
LQECP*					-0.008^***	-0.028^***	0.001	-0.000
					(0.003)	(0.005)	(0.002)	(0.003)
DIVECP*					-0.010	-0.028	0.003	0.007
					(0.015)	(0.020)	(0.017)	(0.019)
PORTERECP*					-0.016^***	-0.029^***	0.001	-0.002^*
					(0.000)	(0.001)	(0.001)	(0.001)
CAPDEN	0.194^***	0.492^***	0.035	0.083^**	0.197^***	0.510^***	0.035	0.083^**
	(0.036)	(0.070)	(0.025)	(0.036)	(0.036)	(0.070)	(0.025)	(0.036)
OUT	0.075^***	0.096^***	-0.012	-0.007	0.076^***	0.096^***	-0.012	-0.007
	(0.006)	(0.007)	(0.009)	(0.014)	(0.006)	(0.007)	(0.009)	(0.014)
UE	0.119^***	0.153^***	-0.081	0.398	0.117^***	0.147^***	-0.081	0.398
	(0.035)	(0.044)	(0.139)	(0.306)	(0.035)	(0.044)	(0.139)	(0.306)
MAR	0.012	0.142^***	-0.018	0.002	0.012	0.142^***	-0.018	0.002
	(0.018)	(0.033)	(0.015)	(0.015)	(0.018)	(0.033)	(0.015)	(0.015)
FDI	0.028	0.108	-0.031	-0.155	0.037	0.139	-0.031	-0.153
	(0.076)	(0.102)	(0.096)	(0.182)	(0.076)	(0.101)	(0.096)	(0.182)
PGDP	0.042^**	0.059^***	-0.106^***	0.058^***	0.042^**	0.062^***	-0.106^***	0.058^***
	(0.017)	(0.023)	(0.027)	(0.022)	(0.017)	(0.023)	(0.027)	(0.022)
HC	0.102^***	0.163^***	0.023	-0.015	0.100^***	0.159^***	0.023	-0.015
	(0.014)	(0.022)	(0.014)	(0.016)	(0.014)	(0.022)	(0.014)	(0.016)
WAGE	-0.285^***	-0.454^***	0.179^***	0.064	-0.282^***	-0.454^***	0.178^***	0.064
	(0.051)	(0.072)	(0.061)	(0.071)	(0.051)	(0.071)	(0.061)	(0.071)
_cons	-3.245^***	-6.007^***	0.316^**	-0.470^***	-3.307^***	-6.182^***	0.317^**	-0.469^***
	(0.183)	(0.343)	(0.151)	(0.172)	(0.182)	(0.340)	(0.151)	(0.173)
R²	0.374	0.519	0.063	0.128	0.377	0.527	0.063	0.128
adj. R²	0.374	0.519	0.063	0.127	0.377	0.527	0.063	0.127
N	284042	161637	81363	41042	284042	161637	81363	41042

[1]	Guimei LIU, Maojun WANG. Spatial agglomeration model of Japanese enterprises in Beijing based on enterprise point data [J]. World Regional Studies, 2021, 30(5): 925-936.
[2]	YE Zhong, CHU Jinfeng, GU Yi. The spatial agglomeration and evolution of game industry in Shanghai [J]. WRS, 2019, 28(3): 155-162.
[3]	. Country-of-origin agglomeration, local industrial agglomeration, and the location choice of Chinese enterprises in the U.S [J]. WRS, 2017, 26(04): 20-30.

The impact of "Internet +" on the manufacturing employment in China

“互联网+”对中国制造业就业的影响

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