Eco-environmental regulation and conflict-dilemmas mitigation of renewable energy transition under the context of carbon neutrality

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2026.03.20240632

Abstract

Abstract:

Along with the proposal of the dual-carbon targets and the deepening of energy transition, coordinating the relationship between the deployment and utilization of renewable energy and the top priority of biodiversity conservation, ecological environment, and habitat protection has become a key challenge. Based on the compilation of the policies, initiatives, and issues faced by different countries and organizations towards energy transition, this study identified the major ecological and environmental issues regarding different renewable energy sources such as hydropower, wind power, solar power, biomass, and geothermal, and summarizes the differentiated strategies and standard practices adopted by various stakeholders, parties, and organizations. From the results, ①large-scale renewable energy deployment may cause negative impacts such as land use, habitat fragmentation, and species threats while promoting low-carbon transition; ②Countries and international organizations carried out valuable explorations at the policy and practice levels, while still facing the dilemmas of policy fragmentation, poor sectoral coordination, and insufficient public participation; ③Systematic measures are urgently needed to design the top-level system planning, site selection, environmental impact assessment, and continuous monitoring; ④Strengthen the ecological and environmental regulation program comparisons by different countries/regions and different energy types, and explore the coordinated development pathways of renewable energy deployment and eco-environmental protection at the regional, national, and global levels.

Key words: energy transition, renewable energy, ecological impact, biodiversity, mitigation strategy

摘要：

随着碳中和目标的提出和能源转型进程的深入推进，协调可再生能源开发利用与生物多样性、生态环境和栖息地的保护之间的关系成为亟待解决的关键问题。本文梳理并分析了不同国家和组织在能源转型中的目标、举措及面临的问题，系统探讨了水能、风能、太阳能、生物质能、地热能等各类清洁能源开发利用过程中的主要生态环境问题，并总结了不同国家、组织及相关利益主体采取的个性化应对策略和共性实践路径。研究发现：①大规模可再生能源开发在促进低碳发展的同时，可能引发土地利用变化、栖息地破碎化、生物多样性受损等负面生态效应；②各国和国际组织在推进可再生能源开发的同时，通过完善规划、环评和许可制度等多种措施进行规范和引导，但在审批效率、部门协同、公众参与等方面仍存在不足；③可再生能源项目应从规划选址、建设运营等源头系统施策，统筹生态环境影响，优化空间布局，创新开发模式，完善多方参与机制，加强技术协同，以最大限度减少生态干扰；④亟须加强不同区域、不同能源类型可再生能源开发的生态环境规制方案对比，探寻在地区、国家、全球等不同尺度下实现可再生能源开发与生态环境保护的协同发展路径。

关键词: 碳中和, 清洁能源, 生态环境, 生物多样性, 纾解策略

Mengyao HAN, Peihao ZHU, Ze HE. Eco-environmental regulation and conflict-dilemmas mitigation of renewable energy transition under the context of carbon neutrality[J]. World Regional Studies, 2026, 35(3): 166-181.

韩梦瑶, 朱沛浩, 何则. 碳中和背景下清洁能源开发的生态环境规制及冲突困境纾解[J]. 世界地理研究, 2026, 35(3): 166-181.

Figures/Tables 4

Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of ecological and environmental impacts and stakeholder game relations in the process of clean energy development

Fig. 2 Multiple dilemmas and mitigation levels during the deployment process of different types of renewable energy

Fig. 3 Different regulatory stringency levels for different types of renewable energy deployment

Fig. 4 Differences in approval procedures for renewable energy deployment under different legal systems

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