Abstract: In response to the arguments such as "geography is dead" and "geography is no longer important", economic geography scholars rediscovered the significance of geography through exploring the relation between innovation and geographic space. Innovation interaction studies suggest, only geographical
proximity does not promote regional innovation. Besides geographic proximity, innovation also needs organization proximity and cognitive proximity. To
innovation, geographical space is no longer a simple physical distance, but also includes other multi-dimensional space, such as organization proximity
and cognitive proximity. Although physical proximity is neither sufficient condition nor necessary condition to promote innovation, geographical proximity
still is of importance to innovation because geographic agglomeration can promote cognitive proximity and organization proximity. Although empirical
studies found that there is relation between geographic proximity and innovation performance, it is not clear which proximity has promoted the innovation
performance. The research on the relations of various proximity and innovation is still in the theoretical construction stage, it is urgently to develop relevant
empirical research.

Key words: geographic proximity, organization proximity, cognition proximity;

摘要： 为回应“地理已死”、“地理不再重要”的质疑，经济地理学者通过创新与空间关系的研究，重
新发现了地理空间的意义。创新互动研究表明，单纯的地理邻近并不能促进区域创新，除了地理邻
近之外，创新主体之间需要建立组织邻近和认知邻近。创新研究中的地理空间已经不再是简单的
地理距离的邻近，而是由地理邻近与组织邻近及认知邻近构成的多维空间。虽然地理邻近既非促
进创新的充分条件，也非必要条件，但地理邻近能够促进创新主体间认知邻近和组织邻近关系的
建立，因此，促进企业之间的地理集聚仍然具有重要的现实意义。实证研究虽然发现地理邻近与创
新绩效存在联系，但尚不清楚各种邻近各自对创新绩效的效果如何，各种邻近与创新的关系目前
还停留在理论建构阶段，亟待开展相关的实证研究。

关键词: 地理邻近, 组织邻近, 认知邻近, 创新