Abstract: This paper analyses the situation of the cooperation of transboundary river between China and Southeast Asia from the geopolitical environment perspective. China and Southeast Asia cooperate closely in hydropower development，electric power trade， international channel， environmental protection of the four transboundary rivers. The cooperation of transboundary river between China and Southeast Asia has several problems such as the prospect is not optimistic, the pursuit of self-interest, water disputes, environment , immigration , ethnic and so on. Then focuses on the geopolitical environment impacts upon the cooperation of transboundary river. We can take these measures to optimize the geopolitical environment so as to promote the cooperation of transboundary river ：properly handle the sovereignty dispute，fully play the role of the regional cooperation organization，improve the public opinion environment，deal with the equilibrium strategy of Southeast Asia and the power intervention，set up the transboundary river cooperation mechanism，attention to sustainable development. The basic conclusions are: (1)The transboundary river have rich geo-economic and geo-political implications ; (2)The cooperation of transboundary river between China and Southeast Asia adequately developed, but there are still many problems ; (3)The geopolitical environment is an important fator affecting the cooperation of transboundary river that it has positive and negative influence on the cooperation; (4)China's strategic choice is that to promote the cooperation of transboundary river through optimizing the geopolitical environment.

摘要： 本文从地缘环境视角分析中国与东南亚跨境河流合作，简要分析了中国与东南亚在四条跨境河流水电开发、电力贸易、国际航道、环境保护等方面合作现状，指出中国与东南亚跨境河流合作存在前景不容乐观、本位利益、水事争端、环境、移民、民族等问题，重点从地缘环境展开对跨境河流合作的影响分析，最后提出了通过妥善处理主权争端、充分发挥区域合作组织作用、改善舆论环境、理性应对东南亚平衡战略和大国关系、建立跨境河流合作机制、重视流域可持续发展等措施优化地缘环境从而促进跨境河流合作。文章基本结论是：（1）跨境河流具有丰富的地缘经济和地缘政治内涵；（2）中国与东南亚充分展开跨境河流合作，但仍存在诸多问题；（3）地缘环境是跨境河流合作重要影响因素，地缘环境对跨境河流合作有着有利和不利影响；（4）中国战略选择之一是通过优化地缘环境促进跨境河流合作。