Abstract: Based on the fifth and the sixth census data, this paper states the population spatial distribution and change characteristics, using GIS and Geoda spatial analysis. We found: (1) it is obvious that there is circle difference on spatial distribution, and the northeast-southwest axial expansion characteristic is remarkable. The suburbanization of population and the local agglomeration of the external population exist simultaneously. The aging population centralization is obvious. (2) the spatial agglomeration caused the Matthew effect are growing in Xi'an, the city center and the adjacent part of the suburb street constitute the high density of the permanent population, the external population and the aging population.?The east and west suburban areas have low population density depressions contiguous, and two regions showed a trend of expansion.?(3) Xi'an city population spatial layout of multi-center feature enhancement, In the Zhonglou as the core in the center of the city, Xiaozhai Changyanbao Dianzicheng has gradually developed into a sub-center of Xi'an city population.?(4)?Park development, University City construction, administrative center migration, the transformation of the old industrial areas and urban renewal and other factors jointly promote the evolution of the population distribution of Xi'an.

摘要： 基于第五次和第六次人口普查数据，以西安市为例，运用GIS、Geoda等空间分析方法来研究西安市人口空间布局与变化特征。研究发现：（1）西安市人口空间分布圈层差异较大，“东北-西南”轴向扩张特征明显。户籍人口的郊区化和外来人口的局部集聚同时存在。老龄人口的向心集聚特征明显。（2）西安市人口局部空间集聚造成“空间马太效应”不断增强，中心城区及相邻的部分近郊区街道共同构成了常住人口、外来人口和老龄人口的高密度集聚中心，东西两侧的远郊区则出现了集中连片的低密度人口洼地，且两类地区均呈现扩大趋势。（3）西安市人口空间布局的“多中心”特征不断增强，在钟楼为核心的中心城区之外，小寨、长延堡和电子城也逐步发育为西安市的人口次中心。（4）园区开发、大学城建设、行政中心迁移、老工业区转型以及城市更新改造等因素共同推动了西安市人口布局的演变。