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15 June 2017, Volume 26 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Study on Evolution and Formation Mechanism of Bilateral Relations between China and Indochina Countries 2017, 26(3): 1-11.  Abstract ( )   PDF (436KB) ( )   Abstract:In the 21st century, with the continued differentiation and restructuring of the world geopolitical landscape, Indochina geopolitical position which is in the "fringe",has become increasingly prominent, is becoming extraterritorial powers competing for geopolitical interests hotspots. Indochina is advocated by China to build "21st Century Maritime Silk Road" as an important strategic fulcrum, the development of bilateral relations between China and the five countries have an important impact on the "the Belt and Road" in advance. Therefore article first uses event data analysis quantitative measuring the bilateral relations between China and Indochina five countries from 2001 to June 2015, and then summed up its characteristics and laws, as follows: bilateral relations between China and the five countries showing an overall downward trend in varying degrees volatility; bilateral relations appear peak value by the same type of event impact China-Myanmar relations worsen relations with Vietnam fell substantially over the same period, the geographical extent of the spatial pattern of bilateral relations more obvious differentiation. Bilateral evolution of China and the five countries is the common results of intervention extraterritorial powers, national interests that are driven by the "balance-of-diplomacy" to implement, the promoting of regional and sub-regional cooperation,border security and stability and other mechanisms ; final based on earlier proposed: efforts to enhance political mutual trust level with each country; properly handle South China Sea territorial disputes in China and Vietnam; actively urges the parties to maintain internal security and stability; give full play to the "the Belt and Road" in the field of vision in the economic and cultural function of benign interaction relations between China and the five countermeasures. Related Articles | Metrics

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Geo-culture Characteristics and Influence of Ukraine 2017, 26(3): 19-28.  Abstract ( )   PDF (570KB) ( )   Geo-culture is one of incentives of the Ukraine Crisis, which influences domestic and foreign affairs in Ukraine. Ukraine plays a significant strategic role for Chinese “One Belt and One Road” initiative as a geopolitical fulcrum country. Research on geo-culture characteristics and influence is crucial to distinguish geopolitics and geo-economy characteristics in Ukraine. This paper aims to explore the spatial statistic pattern of geo-culture characteristics in Ukraine (except cities of Kyiv and Sevastopol) and analyze its influence on foreign trade relations and political trends applying spatial autocorrelation based on Ukraine population data, foreign trade volume data and presidential candidate’s vote share data. Conclusions are as follows: (1) Geo-culture in Ukraine exist obvious spatial aggregation characteristics to cut apart geographic spatial of Ukraine. (2) Eastern region has the stronger foreign trade relations with many Russian; Western region has the weaker foreign trade relations with bare Russian. (3) Western region is pro-Western presidential candidate’s sphere of influence with numerous Ukrainian; Eastern region is pro-Russia presidential candidate’s sphere of influence with many Russian. Related Articles | Metrics

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Evolvement of Spatial Pattern of Population distribution with Data at Province Level in Iran during 1986-2016 2017, 26(3): 29-38.  Abstract ( )   PDF (665KB) ( )   As a country in the Middle East is also China an important strategic partner of Iran is located in the transportation hub of the Silk Road, a scientific and reasonable measure of population spatial distribution pattern of its evolution in Iraq to maintain economic and political stability is of practical significance, can also enrich the world geography research field of Middle East region of typical cases.This article adopts population distribution imbalance index,population gravity center distribution, population density and other indicators to research and explain the characteristics of Iran's population space distribution pattern evolution form 1986 to 2016 by using GIS technology.The results show that:ran's population mainly concentrated in in the northwest of Central Plateau , the plains of Caspian Sea coast , the east and the southwest t of mountain area population densities are low, population and natural geographical environment, economic development level are both consistent with each other .The population shift number of Iran's northwest always lead of population other area ,the track of population gravity center movement failed to break through the space path dependence inertia trend;he Iranian population is dispersedly?distributed before they tend to be concentrated, high concentration areas are mainly distributed in Iran's north, the northwest mountains ,the peripheral of Tehran and borders Central Plateau , and gradually extend from the area to the southeast direction.Low concentrated area are mainly distributed in the east and the southwest and changes little.The trend of Iran's total population spatial distribution pattern evolution for nearly 30 years is high level city as the leading growth track. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on status characteristicsand regional differences of American marine economy 2017, 26(3): 39-45.  Abstract ( )   PDF (533KB) ( )   Abstract: The United States is the world maritime power, and also the world’s largest marine economic power. In 1970s, the concept of Marine GDP was put forward. This paper analyzed the development of maritime economy, characteristics of marine industrial structure and constitution of thrice industrial in America. Its eight marine economic regions were divided into three different marine economic zones. The coefficient of variation, Gini and Theil was used to analyze the status characteristics and regional differences of American marine economy. Related Articles | Metrics

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Reviews of metropolitan areas’ studies in developed countries and its references for China 2017, 26(3): 59-71.  Abstract ( )   PDF (648KB) ( )   Western countries gradually establish their own statistics system of Metropolitan Areas since American government first created in 1910. Metropolitan areas which as the social-economic analysis and management of spatial units were studied in both government and academics. However, the appearances, fills and spreads of suburbs, filling, and the arrival of measuring revolution in the information age of globalization, all leads to the studies of Metropolitan Areas have changed in its emphasis and forms. In contrast, Chinese scholars also discussed the concept of metropolitan area, definition and its formation mechanism, but there are not a national definition of Metropolitan Areas by government or academics. Therefore the contributions of this paper are followed. Firstly, we carding and compare the the concept and practical application of Metropolitan Areas in developed countries, then give review on the research progress of western scholars from the dimension of temporal. Secondly, we summarize and review on the research status and development in order to provide reference for the study of Chinese metropolitanization. Related Articles | Metrics

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Spatial and temporal differences and convergence of efficiency in the eastern coastal urban concentrated areas of China 2017, 26(3): 72-83.  Abstract ( )   PDF (747KB) ( )   Urban efficiency is a very important measuring index in the evaluation of urban development, and eastern coastal region is the most densely distributed place of cities in China. So it has very important theoretical and practical significance to analyze this region's changes of urban efficiency and spatial-temporal differences, for improving and developing the efficiency of China's cities, as well as optimizing the urban space layout. Based on SBM-DEA model, this paper first analyzed the spatial differences of urban efficiency in the eastern coastal urban concentrated areas of China. Then it analyzed the dynamic variation in total factor productivity (TFP) of urban concentrated areas by using Malmquist index, and examined the convergence. The results show that: (1) the overall level of Urban efficiency is still low and there is a large room for improvement in all the 7 urban concentrated areas in eastern coastal China. There are only 5 cities are efficiency, including Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Guangzhou and Dongguan city. The efficiency of the Pearl River Delta urban concentrated area is the highest, the efficiency of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei is ranking second, and the other is West Strait, North Bay, the Yangtze River Delta, Central-southern of Liaoning, Shandong peninsula urban concentrated area in turn. (2) The excess input and output shortage problem are in all the 7 urban concentrated areas in eastern coastal China, and there is quiet different in output shortage pattern. The productivity of capital and technology is lower than human and land elements. The total economic benefit and social public benefit have great room to improve in all the 7 urban concentrated areas. (3) From 2003 to 2014, the TFP of urban efficiency shows a trend of rising in urban concentrated areas in eastern coastal China, and the technological progress has contributed more than efficiency progress to the TFP of urban efficiency. In particular, North Bay urban concentrated area should attache importance to the improvement of production technology. (4) Central-southern of Liaoning, the Yangtze River Delta, West Strait and North Bay urban concentrated areas have the club-convergence. In addition to Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and the Pearl River Delta, the difference of TFP in other urban concentrated areas will gradually disappear automatically. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study of the spatial differentiation of the urbanization of the Yangtze River Economic Belt 2017, 26(3): 84-95.  Abstract ( )   PDF (741KB) ( )   By the means of Theil Index to analysis and the ESDA methods to analysis the spatial differentiation of the urbanization of the Yangtze River Economic Belt measured by resident population and household registered population using the data of the Fifth Census Data and the Sixth Census Data, we found that: 1. The spatial distribution of the urbanization level of the Yangtze River Economic Belt has obvious characteristics of "circle ". There is little difference in the Yangtze River Delta City Group and the in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River City Group, and the Chengdu Chongqing city group, the Central Guizhou city circle and City circle in Central Yunnan shows a characteristic that the first city has a higher level of urbanization, and the difference among the internal cities is bigger. 2. Either measured by resident population or by household registered population, the difference of the urbanization of the Yangtze River Economic Belt becomes smaller from 2000 to 2010, but from the view of the difference among the city groups, the gap between groups measured by resident population is much bigger than that measured by household registered population, which shows a one-way east to west trend of population agglomeration. 3. From the view of the LISA graph, a High-High cluster type area of urbanization has formed in the east of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, and a Low-Low cluster type area has formed in the west(southwest) of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, from 2000 to 2010, and the agglomeration degree in 2010 is higher than that in 2000. Related Articles | Metrics

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Economic Linkage Evolution of both Banks of the Pearl River Driven by the Hong Kong- Zhuhai- Macao Bridge 2017, 26(3): 96-104.  Abstract ( )   PDF (785KB) ( )   The opening up of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge contributes to making up for the short slab of traffic connectivity in the Great Pearl River Delta region and promoting regional economic coordinated development. Based on the modified gravity model and Tableau map visualization functions, considering the toll guidelines of the Bridge and the delay of customs inspection, this paper quantitatively measures the effects of the Bridge on the evolution of economic linkage intensity and pattern of the regions on both banks of the Pearl River. The results show that the Bridge will significantly enhance the economic linkage intensity and dramatically improve economic linkage pattern of the regions. Moreover, this paper divides the cities agglomerations into three clusters by the cluster analysis and obtains a research finding that Hong Kong and Zhuhai are located in the first cluster, Jiangmen and Shenzhen form the second cluster, Zhongshan is more sensitive to the toll than Macau on economic linkage intensity, and Dongguan and Huizhou belongs to the third cluster. Further, this paper provides three suggestions that West Bank ought to seize the history development opportunity for the Bridge while East Bank needs to seek transformation of economic growth pattern and the government must attach great importance to regional economic coordinated development. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research of Population distribution in Xi’an city during 2000-2010 2017, 26(3): 105-113.  Abstract ( )   PDF (785KB) ( )   Based on the fifth and the sixth census data, this paper states the population spatial distribution and change characteristics, using GIS and Geoda spatial analysis. We found: (1) it is obvious that there is circle difference on spatial distribution, and the northeast-southwest axial expansion characteristic is remarkable. The suburbanization of population and the local agglomeration of the external population exist simultaneously. The aging population centralization is obvious. (2) the spatial agglomeration caused the Matthew effect are growing in Xi'an, the city center and the adjacent part of the suburb street constitute the high density of the permanent population, the external population and the aging population.?The east and west suburban areas have low population density depressions contiguous, and two regions showed a trend of expansion.?(3) Xi'an city population spatial layout of multi-center feature enhancement, In the Zhonglou as the core in the center of the city, Xiaozhai Changyanbao Dianzicheng has gradually developed into a sub-center of Xi'an city population.?(4)?Park development, University City construction, administrative center migration, the transformation of the old industrial areas and urban renewal and other factors jointly promote the evolution of the population distribution of Xi'an. Related Articles | Metrics

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China Hotel Industry Efficiency: Time-space Evolution and Driving Mechanism 2017, 26(3): 114-123.  Abstract ( )   PDF (819KB) ( )   It is of great significance to study the hotel efficiency as hotel industry is one of the mainstays of China tourism industry. The study can help to reveal the economic conditions and rules of hotel industry and promote its development pattern from quantitative change to qualitative change. By using DEA model, this paper measures and calculates the hotel industry efficiency of the 31 provinces of China from 2002 to 2013, analyzes its time-space characteristics and influential factors, and attempts to find the rules and reasons of development and changes of the hotel efficiency in the perspective of geography. The result shows that: (1) In temporal variation, hotel comprehensive efficiency shows an increase trend in fluctuation, which indicates that the industry maturity has improved to some extent. The trend of pure technical efficiency is the same with comprehensive efficiency while scale efficiency has presented a downward trend in recent years. Although scale efficiency imposes a gradually enhancing constraining force on comprehensive efficiency, pure technical efficiency takes the leading position all the time. (2) In agglomeration characteristics, the space gathering of hotel efficiency decreases first and then increases; it changes from weak correlation to strong correlation and shows significant spatial differentiation. (3) In regional characteristics, the hotel efficiency of the eastern region is higher than that of the middle region, the middle region efficiency is higher than that of the western region, and the western region efficiency is higher than that of the northeastern region of China. This spatial pattern of hotel efficiency prevails all the time in the assessment years. (4) In the classification features, provinces of high hotel efficiency gather in the eastern coastal regions and middle southern regions, which forms an "S" type agglomeration belt; provinces of low and variable efficiency concentrate in northern China, whereas provinces of low and stable efficiency concentrate in southwestern China and northeastern China respectively. (5) The positive influences imposed on hotel industry efficiency by the overall scale of the tourism industry, the status quo of marketization, and the extent of informatization decrease in sequence. And it is these three factors that jointly drive the temporal and spatial development pattern of the regional hotel efficiency in China. Related Articles | Metrics

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Literature review on the network of film industry 2017, 26(3): 124-133.  Abstract ( )   PDF (749KB) ( )   As an “industry”, the time of Chinese film is short. So research about Chinese film industry is rare and far behind the actual development of practice. Foreign economic geography scholars research film industry mainly from industrial cluster as the core of the local network and value chain, global production network as the core of the global network. In the theoretical aspect, the research from the network perspective on the film industry is similar with manufacturing, high-tech industries and so on. They pay more attention to the production of whole process. The research about the distribution and exhibition of film industry is less. From the empirical perspective, the case studies are almost about the developed countries. However, the social, cultural and institutional factors have great influence on the development of the network. Therefore, research of the film industry in the developing countries is urgently needed to be carried out. Related Articles | Metrics

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The influence of tourism industrial agglomeration on the regional tourism industry efficiency: A panel date empirical analysis of provinces of China 2017, 26(3): 134-146.  Abstract ( )   PDF (823KB) ( )   Tourism industrial agglomeration can effectively promote the development of tourism to a certain extent. Based on the 31 provinces tourism related data in China for the period from 2005 to 2014, we conducted to examine the efficiency of 31 provinces and to measure the tourism agglomeration using the DEA method and LQ methodfirstly. Than we conducted an empirical analysis about the effect of Industrial agglomeration on Tourism industry efficiency using fixed effects model, the results show as follows: ①Both the China’s tourism industry efficiency and tourism industry cluster present overall the increasing trend but are still in a lower level; ②Industrial agglomeration have a positive impact on the efficiency of tourism industry, the level of economic development ,science and technology innovation as variable can enhance the efficiency of China’s tourism industry, but the growth number of travel agencies and tourist hotel will hinder the improvement of the efficiency of tourism industry;③Industrial agglomeration all have a positive effect on the eastern region, the central region and the western region, but the influence degree is different; ④Further research finds tourism industrial agglomeration have significant positive correlation on technical efficiency and scale efficiency. However, the tourism scale efficiency is significantly higher than the influence of technical efficiency for tourism. Finally, we propose some suggestions to promote the China’s tourism industry efficiency from tourism enterprises and the government. Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparative Analysis of Inbound Tourist Behaviors in Uzebekistan and It’s Implication to the Development of Silk Road 2017, 26(3): 147-156.  Abstract ( )   PDF (748KB) ( )   With the globalization of tourism activities, the consumption behavior of cross-cultural tourists become a hot academic topic since 1970s. Uzbekistan is an integral link between east and west which is the gold node of the ancient silk road. Draw upon the Hofstede(1983)'s dimensions of national cultures, this paper compares the differences of inbound tourists' behaviors and perceptions in Uzebekistan and analysis its implications to the development of Silk Road. The study finds that: 1. Culture has important effects on tourists’ travel behaviors and perceptions. Tourists in different cultural category have significant differences in visiting purposes, travelling patterns, length of stay and visiting spaces. 2. Inbound tourists in Uzebekistan are commonly rich senior citizens. They are well-educated and pursue for authenticity and indepth travelling experiences. 3. Due to the cultural differneces, the Western tourist generally prefer cultural experiences and appreciation of the historical buildings; the Russians pay more attention on secular experience of food and health; the Asians care more on the historical relationships related to themselves, cultural values of visiting sites and service quality. These findings have important practical implication to the development of Silk Road tourism to impetus the bilateral cooperation between China and Uzebekistan. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on the Characteristics and Expansion of Indian Visiting-China Market 2017, 26(3): 157-166.  Abstract ( )   PDF (763KB) ( )   India is China’s most important tourist country in south Asia. Based on series of authoritative statistics data, this paper analyzes the Indian visiting-China market systematically from the following three aspects: demography, time and spatial structure, consumer behavior features. The results show that:(1) the demographic characteristic is obvious with male, young and business visitors occupying a large proportion;(2) the Indian visiting-China market presents an inter-annual growth and a bimodal inter-monthly variation. Indian tourists mainly choose cities or provinces like Beijing, Shanghai, Zhejiang and Jiangsu as their destinations. Most of them will return to India;(3) Indian tourists enter China through many different ways and most of them are individual tourists. The consumption per capita is very high with a large spending on shopping. Therefore, this paper puts forward suggestions on regional tourism cooperation, tourism product supply and tourism public service construction and so on. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research trends and prospects of leisure research at home and abroad under the influence of information technology 2017, 26(3): 167-176.  Abstract ( )   PDF (735KB) ( )   As an arbitrary activity occurring at the free time, Leisure not only includes the daily recreation and entertainment activities in the place of residence, but also the related tourism activities that people leave their habitual residence to carry out.. Along with the economic and social progress and the change of values, the value of leisure is gradually expanded from the physical and mental health of people to the quality of life of urban residents and the quality of urban development. The rapid development of information and communication technology (ICT) has brought a broad and profound impact on all areas of human production and life, including leisure. Under the above background, this thesis adopts the literature information analysis method and the comparative analysis on information technology for leisure effect from three aspects about leisure behavior of time and space, leisure industry and leisure research methods to sort out, analyze and summarize. The results showed that about information technology of leisure in the research perspective, research methods and research focuses are different at home and abroad. In the era of big data supported by information technology, big data mining and analysis technology should be more applicated to analyze the characteristics of leisure behavior.Research on the spatial effect caused by behavior and the influence of information technology on different forms of leisure should be launched on the basis of this study. Related Articles | Metrics